We introduce a mechanism of stable spatiotemporal soliton formation in a multimode fiber laser. This is based on spatially graded dissipation, leading to distributed Kerr-lens mode-locking. Our analysis involves solutions of a generalized dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. This equation has a broad range of application in nonlinear physics, including nonlinear optics, spatiotemporal patterns formation, plasma dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensates. We demonstrate that careful control of dissipative and non-dissipative physical mechanisms results in the self-emergence of stable (2+1)-dimensional dissipative solitons. Achieving such a regime does not require the presence of any additional dissipative nonlinearities, such a mode-locker in a laser, or inelastic scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Our method allows for stable energy (or"mass’’) harvesting by coherent localized structures, such as ultrashort laser pulses or Bose-Einstein condensates.

中文翻译：

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基于时空耗散孤子的多模光纤激光器分布式克尔透镜锁模

我们介绍了在多模光纤激光器中稳定的时空孤子形成的机制。这是基于空间渐变耗散，从而导致分布式Kerr-lens锁模。我们的分析涉及广义耗散的Gross-Pitaevskii方程的解。该方程在非线性物理学中具有广泛的应用，包括非线性光学，时空模式的形成，等离子体动力学和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物。我们证明了对耗散和非耗散物理机制的仔细控制会导致稳定（2 + 1）维耗散孤子的自我出现。实现这样的方案不需要任何其他的耗散非线性，例如激光器中的锁模器或玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物中的非弹性散射。我们的方法允许稳定的能量（或