Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern. Treatment is prolonged, and patients on anti-TB therapy (ATT) often experience treatment failure for various reasons. There is an urgent need to identify signatures for early detection of failure and initiation of a treatment switch.

We investigated how gene biomarkers and/or basic patient characteristics could be used to define signatures for treatment outcomes in Indian adult pulmonary-TB patients treated with standard ATT. Using blood samples at baseline, a 12-gene signature combined with information on gender, previously-diagnosed TB, severe thinness, smoking and alcohol consumption was highly predictive of treatment failure at 6 months. Likewise a 4-protein biomarker signature combined with the same patient characteristics was almost as highly predictive of treatment failure. Combining biomarkers and basic patient characteristics may be useful for predicting and hence identification of treatment failure at an early stage of TB therapy.

结核病（TB）是全球性的健康问题。治疗时间延长，接受抗结核病治疗（ATT）的患者经常因各种原因经历治疗失败。迫切需要识别签名，以便及早发现故障并启动治疗开关。

我们研究了如何使用基因生物标志物和/或患者的基本特征来定义接受标准ATT治疗的印度成年肺结核患者治疗结果的特征。使用基线的血液样本，结合性别，先前诊断的结核病，严重的瘦弱，吸烟和饮酒等信息的12个基因的特征可以高度预测6个月的治疗失败。同样，结合了相同患者特征的4蛋白生物标志物标记几乎可以高度预测治疗失败。将生物标志物和患者的基本特征相结合可能有助于预测并确定结核病治疗早期的治疗失败。