This COMAR Technical Information Statement (TIS) addresses health and safety issues concerning exposure of the general public to radiofrequency (RF) fields from 5G wireless communications networks, the expansion of which started on a large scale in 2018 to 2019. 5G technology can transmit much greater amounts of data at much higher speeds for a vastly expanded array of applications compared with preceding 2-4G systems; this is due, in part, to using the greater bandwidth available at much higher frequencies than those used by most existing networks. Although the 5G engineering standard may be deployed for operating networks currently using frequencies extending from 100s to 1,000s of MHz, it can also operate in the 10s of GHz where the wavelengths are 10 mm or less, the so-called millimeter wave (MMW) band. Until now, such fields were found in a limited number of applications (e.g., airport scanners, automotive collision avoidance systems, perimeter surveillance radar), but the rapid expansion of 5G will produce a more ubiquitous presence of MMW in the environment. While some 5G signals will originate from small antennas placed on existing base stations, most will be deployed with some key differences relative to typical transmissions from 2-4G base stations. Because MMW do not penetrate foliage and building materials as well as signals at lower frequencies, the networks will require "densification," the installation of many lower power transmitters (often called "small cells" located mainly on buildings and utility poles) to provide for effective indoor coverage. Also, "beamforming" antennas on some 5G systems will transmit one or more signals directed to individual users as they move about, thus limiting exposures to non-users. In this paper, COMAR notes the following perspectives to address concerns expressed about possible health effects of RF field exposure from 5G technology. First, unlike lower frequency fields, MMW do not penetrate beyond the outer skin layers and thus do not expose inner tissues to MMW. Second, current research indicates that overall levels of exposure to RF are unlikely to be significantly altered by 5G, and exposure will continue to originate mostly from the "uplink" signals from one's own device (as they do now). Third, exposure levels in publicly accessible spaces will remain well below exposure limits established by international guideline and standard setting organizations, including ICNIRP and IEEE. Finally, so long as exposures remain below established guidelines, the research results to date do not support a determination that adverse health effects are associated with RF exposures, including those from 5G systems. While it is acknowledged that the scientific literature on MMW biological effect research is more limited than that for lower frequencies, we also note that it is of mixed quality and stress that future research should use appropriate precautions to enhance validity. The authorship of this paper includes a physician/biologist, epidemiologist, engineers, and physical scientists working voluntarily and collaboratively on a consensus basis.

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IEEE人体与辐射委员会-COMAR技术信息声明：与公众从5G无线通信网络暴露于电磁能量有关的健康和安全问题。

该COMAR技术信息声明（TIS）解决了与公众对5G无线通信网络的射频（RF）领域的暴露有关的健康和安全问题，该领域于2018年至2019年开始大规模扩展。5G技术可以传输很多与以前的2-4G系统相比，在大量扩展的应用程序中，以更高的速度提供了大量数据；这部分是由于使用了比大多数现有网络所使用的带宽高得多的可用带宽。虽然5G工程标准可以部署到当前使用频率范围从100s到1,000s MHz的运营网络中，但它也可以在波长为10mm或更短的10s GHz中运行，即所谓的毫米波（MMW）带。到现在，在有限的应用领域（例如机场扫描仪，汽车防撞系统，周边监视雷达）中发现了此类领域，但是5G的迅速发展将在环境中产生更多的MMW。虽然一些5G信号将来自放置在现有基站上的小型天线，但大多数部署将相对于2-4G基站的典型传输具有一些关键差异。由于MMW不会穿透树叶和建筑材料以及较低频率的信号，因此网络将需要“致密化”，即安装许多较低功率的发射器（通常称为“小蜂窝”，主要位于建筑物和电线杆上）以提供有效的室内覆盖。另外，“波束成形” 一些5G系统上的天线会在移动时向单个用户发送一个或多个信号，从而限制了对非用户的暴露。在本文中，COMAR指出了以下观点，以解决有关5G技术对RF场暴露可能产生的健康影响表示的关注。首先，与低频场不同，MMW不会穿透皮肤外层，因此不会使内部组织暴露于MMW。其次，目前的研究表明，5G不会显着改变RF的总体暴露水平，并且暴露将继续主要源自自己设备的“上行”信号（就像现在一样）。第三，公共场所的暴露水平将仍然远低于国际准则和标准制定组织设定的暴露极限，包括ICNIRP和IEEE。最后，只要暴露程度仍低于既定准则，迄今为止的研究结果就不能确定有害健康影响与RF暴露（包括来自5G系统的暴露）有关。尽管人们公认，有关MMW生物学效应研究的科学文献比低频研究更为有限，但我们也注意到，混合的质量和压力在于，未来的研究应使用适当的预防措施来提高有效性。本文的作者包括以共识为基础自愿和协作工作的医师/生物学家，流行病学家，工程师和物理科学家。迄今为止的研究结果尚不能确定有害健康影响与包括5G系统在内的RF暴露有关。尽管人们公认，有关MMW生物学效应研究的科学文献比低频研究更为有限，但我们也注意到，混合的质量和压力在于，未来的研究应使用适当的预防措施来提高有效性。本文的作者包括以共识为基础自愿和协作工作的医师/生物学家，流行病学家，工程师和物理科学家。迄今为止的研究结果尚不能确定有害健康影响与包括5G系统在内的RF暴露有关。尽管人们公认，有关MMW生物学效应研究的科学文献比低频研究更为有限，但我们也注意到，混合的质量和压力在于，未来的研究应使用适当的预防措施来提高有效性。本文的作者包括以共识为基础自愿和协作工作的医师/生物学家，流行病学家，工程师和物理科学家。我们还注意到，未来的研究应采取适当的预防措施来提高有效性，这是混合的质量和压力。本文的作者包括以共识为基础自愿和协作工作的医师/生物学家，流行病学家，工程师和物理科学家。我们还注意到，未来的研究应采取适当的预防措施来提高有效性，这是混合的质量和压力。本文的作者包括以共识为基础自愿和协作工作的医师/生物学家，流行病学家，工程师和物理科学家。