Recently, there has been increasing evidence of the emergence of systemic strains that threaten international cooperative efforts on global issues, especially climate change, biodiversity loss and security. Non-state actors have responded by declaring their commitment to work together alongside nations as climate agreements struggle to deliver the necessary global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, conservation goals are not met, and security issues diversify. A principal constituent of the world’s non-state actors are cities. With many cities now home to more than 10 million individuals and several cities of more than 20 million, the urban world has come to dominate the global economy as well as the resource needs and environmental burdens imposed upon the planet by our species. Urban economies are responsible for more than half of global greenhouse gas emissions and substantially affect the world’s biodiversity by driving the extraction of resources and the degradation of global natural capital. Cities have become concentrators of diverse risk that complicate and broaden global security priorities. Cities are also crucibles of innovation in technology, business and governance and strong alliances between the world’s cities have formed to address the challenges of climate change, biodiversity and more. This paper asserts the unique potential for cities to assume a greater role in global priorities, including climate change, biodiversity loss and a realignment of security priorities. The transformative changes required in these three domains calls for a renewal of the city as a semi-autonomous neo-state, an ecological city-state.

中文翻译：

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环境灾难时代的生态城邦：安全、气候变化和生物多样性

最近，越来越多的证据表明系统性压力的出现威胁到全球问题上的国际合作努力，特别是气候变化、生物多样性丧失和安全。非国家行为者做出回应，宣布承诺与各国共同努力，因为气候协议努力实现全球温室气体排放的必要减少，保护目标未实现，安全问题多样化。世界非国家行为者的主要组成部分是城市。许多城市现在拥有超过 1,000 万人口，还有几个城市人口超过 2,000 万，城市世界已经开始主导全球经济以及人类对地球的资源需求和环境负担。城市经济占全球温室气体排放量的一半以上，并通过推动资源开采和全球自然资本退化对世界生物多样性产生重大影响。城市已成为各种风险的集中地，使全球安全优先事项复杂化和扩大。城市也是技术、商业和治理创新的熔炉，世界城市之间形成了强大的联盟，以应对气候变化、生物多样性等方面的挑战。本文断言城市在全球优先事项中发挥更大作用的独特潜力，包括气候变化、生物多样性丧失和安全优先事项的重新调整。这三个领域所需的变革性变化要求将城市更新为半自治的新国家，