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The role of turbulent fluctuations in aerosol activation and cloud formation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006426117
Prasanth Prabhakaran 1 , Abu Sayeed Md Shawon 2 , Gregory Kinney 2 , Subin Thomas 2 , Will Cantrell 1 , Raymond A Shaw 1
Affiliation  

Aerosol indirect effects are one of the leading contributors to cloud radiative properties relevant to climate. Aerosol particles become cloud droplets when the ambient relative humidity (saturation ratio) exceeds a critical value, which depends on the particle size and chemical composition. In the traditional formulation of this problem, only average, uniform saturation ratios are considered. Using experiments and theory, we examine the effects of fluctuations, produced by turbulence. Our measurements, from a multiphase, turbulent cloud chamber, show a clear transition from a regime in which the mean saturation ratio dominates to one in which the fluctuations determine cloud properties. The laboratory measurements demonstrate cloud formation in mean-subsaturated conditions (i.e., relative humidity <100%) in the fluctuation-dominant activation regime. The theoretical framework developed to interpret these measurements predicts a transition from a mean- to a fluctuation-dominated regime, based on the relative values of the mean and standard deviation of the environmental saturation ratio and the critical saturation ratio at which aerosol particles activate or become droplets. The theory is similar to the concept of stochastic condensation and can be used in the context of the atmosphere to explore the conditions under which droplet activation is driven by fluctuations as opposed to mean supersaturation. It provides a basis for future development of cloud droplet activation parameterizations that go beyond the internally homogeneous parcel calculations that have been used in the past.



中文翻译:

湍流波动在气溶胶活化和云形成中的作用。

气溶胶间接效应是与气候有关的云辐射特性的主要促成因素之一。当环境相对湿度(饱和比)超过临界值时,气溶胶颗粒会变成云滴,该临界值取决于粒径和化学成分。在此问题的传统表示中,仅考虑平均,均匀的饱和比。使用实验和理论,我们检查了湍流产生的波动的影响。我们从多相湍流云室进行的测量表明,从平均饱和度占主导的状态到波动确定云性质的状态已明显过渡。实验室测量结果表明,在均饱和条件下(即相对湿度< 100%)以波动为主的激活方式。为解释这些测量值而开发的理论框架基于环境饱和度比率和气溶胶颗粒活化或变为临界临界比率的平均值和标准偏差的相对值,预测了从均值到以波动为主的状态的过渡。飞沫。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索与平均过饱和相反的,由波动驱动液滴激活的条件。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。为解释这些测量而开发的理论框架基于环境饱和度比率和气溶胶颗粒活化或变成临界临界比率的平均值和标准偏差的相对值,预测了从均值到以波动为主的状态的过渡。飞沫。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索与平均过饱和相反的,由波动驱动液滴激活的条件。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。为解释这些测量而开发的理论框架基于环境饱和度比率和气溶胶颗粒活化或变成临界临界比率的平均值和标准偏差的相对值,预测了从均值到以波动为主的状态的过渡。飞沫。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索液滴活化是由波动驱动的条件,而不是平均过饱和。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。基于环境饱和度比率和气溶胶颗粒活化或变成液滴的临界饱和度比率的平均值和标准偏差的相对值。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索液滴活化是由波动驱动的条件,而不是平均过饱和。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。基于环境饱和度比率和气溶胶颗粒活化或变成液滴的临界饱和度比率的平均值和标准偏差的相对值。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索与平均过饱和相反的,由波动驱动液滴激活的条件。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索与平均过饱和相反的,由波动驱动液滴激活的条件。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。该理论与随机冷凝的概念相似,可用于大气环境中,以探索与平均过饱和相反的,由波动驱动液滴激活的条件。它为将来开发的云滴激活参数化提供了基础,这些参数化超越了过去使用的内部同质宗地计算。

更新日期:2020-07-22
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