Endogenous circadian clocks have evolved to anticipate 24 hr rhythms in environmental demands. Recent studies suggest that circadian rhythm disruption is a major risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders in humans. Conversely, alterations in energy state can disrupt circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology, creating a vicious circle of metabolic dysfunction. How peripheral energy state affects diurnal food intake, however, is still poorly understood. We here show that the adipokine adiponectin (ADIPOQ) regulates diurnal feeding rhythms through clocks in energy regulatory centers of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Adipoq-deficient mice show increased rest phase food intake associated with disrupted transcript rhythms of clock and appetite-regulating genes in the MBH. ADIPOQ regulates MBH clocks via AdipoR1-mediated upregulation of the core clock gene Bmal1. BMAL1, in turn, controls expression of orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the MBH. Together, these data reveal a systemic metabolic circuit to regulate central circadian clocks and energy intake.

中文翻译：

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调节小鼠昼夜食物摄入节律的脂肪因子反馈

内源性生物钟已经进化到可以预测环境需求的 24 小时节律。最近的研究表明，昼夜节律紊乱是人类代谢紊乱发展的主要危险因素。相反，能量状态的改变会破坏行为和生理的昼夜节律，造成代谢功能障碍的恶性循环。然而，外周能量状态如何影响白天的食物摄入量仍然知之甚少。我们在此表明​​，脂肪因子脂联素 (ADIPOQ) 通过下丘脑中基底层 (MBH) 能量调节中心的时钟调节昼夜进食节律。Adipoq 缺陷小鼠表现出与 MBH 中时钟和食欲调节基因转录节律紊乱相关的休息期食物摄入增加。ADIPOQ 通过 AdipoR1 介导的核心时钟基因 Bmal1 的上调来调节 MBH 时钟。反过来，BMAL1 控制 MBH 中促食神经肽的表达。总之，这些数据揭示了调节中央生物钟和能量摄入的全身代谢回路。