Diagnostic imaging technology in vascular disease has long focused on large vessels and the pathologic processes that impact them. With improved diagnostic techniques, investigators are now able to uncover many underlying mechanisms and prognostic factors for microvascular disease. In the heart and brain, these pathologic entities include coronary microvascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease, both of which have significant impact on patients, causing angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and dementia. In the current paper, we will discuss parallels in pathophysiology, classification, and diagnostic modalities, with a focus on the role of magnetic resonance imaging in microvascular disease of the heart and brain. Novel approaches for streamlined imaging of the cardiac and central nervous systems including the use of intravascular contrast agents such as ferumoxytol are presented, and unmet research gaps in diagnostics are summarized.

中文翻译：

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心脏和大脑微血管疾病的病理生理学、分类和 MRI 相似。

血管疾病的诊断成像技术长期以来一直专注于大血管和影响它们的病理过程。随着诊断技术的改进，研究人员现在能够发现微血管疾病的许多潜在机制和预后因素。在心脏和大脑中，这些病理实体包括冠状动脉微血管疾病和脑小血管疾病，两者对患者都有显着影响，导致心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭、中风和痴呆。在当前的论文中，我们将讨论病理生理学、分类和诊断方式的相似之处，重点是磁共振成像在心脏和大脑微血管疾病中的作用。