1. As global temperatures continue to rise, assessment of how species within ecological communities respond to shifts in temperature has become increasingly important. However, such assessments require detailed long‐term observations or ecosystem‐level manipulations that allow for interactions among species and the potential for species dispersal and exchange with the regional species pool.
2. We examined the effects of experimental whole‐stream warming on a larval black fly assemblage in southwest Iceland. We used a paired‐catchment design, in which we studied the warmed stream and a nearby reference stream for 1 year prior to warming and 2 years during warming and estimated population abundance, biomass, secondary production, and growth rates for larvae of three black fly species.
3. Experimental warming by 3.8°C had contrasting effects on the three black fly species in the assemblage. The abundance, biomass, growth, and production of Prosimulium ursinum decreased in the experimental stream during the warming manipulation. Despite increasing in the reference stream, the abundance, biomass, and production of another species, Simulium vernum, decreased in the experimental stream during warming.
4. In contrast, warming had an overall positive effect on Simulium vittatum. While warming had little effect on the growth of overwintering cohorts of S. vittatum, warming led to an additional cohort during the summer months and increased its abundance, biomass, and production. Overall, family‐level production was enhanced by warming, despite variation in species‐level responses.
5. Our study illustrates that the effects of climate warming are likely to differ even among closely related species. Moreover, our study highlights the need for further investigation into the uneven effects of warming on individual species and how those variable effects influence food web dynamics and ecosystem function.

中文翻译：

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黑蝇物种（双翅目：Simuliidae）对实验性全流变暖的对比响应

1. 随着全球温度的持续升高，评估生态社区内物种对温度变化的反应已变得越来越重要。但是，此类评估需要详细的长期观察或生态系统层面的操作，以允许物种之间的相互作用以及物种散布和与区域物种库交换的潜力。
2. 我们检查了实验性全流变暖对冰岛西南部幼虫黑蝇组合的影响。我们采用配对集水设计，其中我们研究了变暖前1年和变暖期间2年的变暖流和附近的参考流，并估计了三只黑蝇幼虫的种群数量，生物量，次生产量和增长率。种类。
3. 3.8°C的实验升温对组合中的三种黑蝇有相反的影响。在升温过程中，实验溪流中乌sim的数量，生物量，生长和产量均下降。尽管参考流增加，但在变暖过程中，实验流中其他物种Simulium v​​ernum的丰度，生物量和产量却下降了。
4. 相反，变暖对on草具有整体积极的作用。虽然变暖对S. vittatum越冬种群的生长几乎没有影响，但变暖导致在夏季月份增加了一个种群，并增加了其丰度，生物量和产量。总体而言，尽管物种水平的反应有所不同，但变暖增加了家庭水平的生产。
5. 我们的研究表明，即使在密切相关的物种之间，气候变暖的影响也可能有所不同。此外，我们的研究强调需要进一步研究变暖对单个物种的不均匀影响以及这些可变影响如何影响食物网动态和生态系统功能。