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Contextual complexity of chemical signals in callitrichids
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23172 Charles T Snowdon 1 , Toni E Ziegler 2
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23172 Charles T Snowdon 1 , Toni E Ziegler 2
Affiliation
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In nearly four decades our research and that of others on chemical signaling in callitrichid primates suggest a high degree of contextual complexity in both the use of signals and the response to these signals. We describe our research including observational field studies, behavioral bioassays (“playbacks”), functional imaging, and conditioning studies. Scent marking in both captivity and the wild is used for more than just territorial marking. Social contextual effects are seen in responses by subordinate females responding with ovulatory inhibition only to chemical signals from familiar dominant reproductive females. Males detect ovulation through changes in scent marks. Males responded behaviorally and hormonally to chemical signals of novel ovulating females as a function of their reproductive status (fathers, males paired with a female but not fathers, and single males). Multiple brain areas are activated in males by female chemical signals of ovulation including areas relating to memory, evaluation, and motivation. Furthermore, males can be conditioned to respond sexually to a nonsexual odor demonstrating that learning plays an important role in response to chemical signals. Male androgen and estrone levels changed significantly in response to infant chemical signals as a function of whether the males were fathers or not, whether the odors were from their own versus other infants, as well as the infant's stage of development. Chemical signals in callitrichids are providing a rich source of understanding the context and function of the chemical sensory system and its stimulation of neural, behavioral, and hormonal actions in the recipients.
中文翻译：
愈伤组织化学信号的上下文复杂性
近四十年来，我们和其他人对愈伤组织灵长类化学信号传导的研究表明，信号的使用和对这些信号的反应都具有高度的背景复杂性。我们描述了我们的研究，包括观察性实地研究、行为生物测定（“回放”）、功能成像和条件反射研究。圈养和野外的气味标记不仅仅用于领土标记。从下属女性的反应中可以看到社会背景效应，仅对来自熟悉的优势生殖女性的化学信号做出排卵抑制反应。男性通过气味标记的变化来检测排卵。男性对新排卵女性的化学信号的行为和荷尔蒙反应作为其生殖状态的函数（父亲，男性与女性配对但不与父亲配对，以及单身男性）。男性的多个大脑区域被女性排卵的化学信号激活，包括与记忆、评估和动机相关的区域。此外，男性可以对非性气味产生性反应，这表明学习在对化学信号的反应中起着重要作用。男性雄激素和雌酮水平对婴儿化学信号的反应发生显着变化，这与男性是否为父亲、气味是否来自他们自己的婴儿还是其他婴儿以及婴儿的发育阶段有关。Callitrichids 中的化学信号为理解化学感觉系统的背景和功能及其对受体的神经、行为和激素作用的刺激提供了丰富的来源。
更新日期：2020-07-09
中文翻译：
愈伤组织化学信号的上下文复杂性
近四十年来，我们和其他人对愈伤组织灵长类化学信号传导的研究表明，信号的使用和对这些信号的反应都具有高度的背景复杂性。我们描述了我们的研究，包括观察性实地研究、行为生物测定（“回放”）、功能成像和条件反射研究。圈养和野外的气味标记不仅仅用于领土标记。从下属女性的反应中可以看到社会背景效应，仅对来自熟悉的优势生殖女性的化学信号做出排卵抑制反应。男性通过气味标记的变化来检测排卵。男性对新排卵女性的化学信号的行为和荷尔蒙反应作为其生殖状态的函数（父亲，男性与女性配对但不与父亲配对，以及单身男性）。男性的多个大脑区域被女性排卵的化学信号激活，包括与记忆、评估和动机相关的区域。此外，男性可以对非性气味产生性反应，这表明学习在对化学信号的反应中起着重要作用。男性雄激素和雌酮水平对婴儿化学信号的反应发生显着变化，这与男性是否为父亲、气味是否来自他们自己的婴儿还是其他婴儿以及婴儿的发育阶段有关。Callitrichids 中的化学信号为理解化学感觉系统的背景和功能及其对受体的神经、行为和激素作用的刺激提供了丰富的来源。
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