PREMISE Despite the fast pace of exploration of the patterns and processes influencing Neotropical plant hyperdiversity, the taxa explored are mostly from large groups that are widely distributed, morphologically diverse, or economically important. Vochysiaceae is an example of an undersampled taxon, providing an excellent system for investigating Neotropical biogeography. We present a phylogenomics-based hypothesis of species relationships in Vochysiaceae to investigate its evolutionary history through space and time. METHODS We inferred a phylogeny for 122 species from Vochysiaceae and seven other families of Myrtales. Fossils from four myrtalean families were used to estimate the divergence times within Vochysiaceae. Historical biogeography was estimated using ancestral range probabilities and stochastic mapping. RESULTS Monophyly of all genera was supported except for Qualea, which was split by Ruizterania into two clades. Vochysiaceae originated ~100 mya, splitting into an Afrotropical and a Neotropical lineage ~50 mya, and its ancestral range is in the area currently occupied by the Cerrado. CONCLUSIONS The most recent common ancestor of Vochysiaceae + Myrtaceae had a West Gondwanan distribution, supporting a South American + African ancestral range of Vochysiaceae. On a global scale, geographic range reduction was the principal biogeographic event. At a finer scale, initial range reduction was also important and the Cerrado region was the most ancestral area with multiple colonization events to the Amazon, Central America, and the Atlantic Forest. Colonization events occurred from open areas to forest vegetation, an unusual finding regarding the evolution of plants in the Neotropics.

中文翻译：

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Vochysiaceae 的历史生物地理学揭示了新热带植物进化的意想不到的视角

前提 尽管对影响新热带植物高度多样性的模式和过程的探索步伐很快，但所探索的分类群大多来自分布广泛、形态多样或具有重要经济意义的大类群。Vochysiaceae 是欠采样分类群的一个例子，为研究新热带生物地理学提供了一个很好的系统。我们提出了一种基于系统基因组学的 Vochysiaceae 物种关系假设，以通过空间和时间研究其进化历史。方法我们推断了来自 Vochysiaceae 和其他 7 个桃金娘科的 122 个物种的系统发育。来自四个桃金娘科的化石用于估计 Vochysiaceae 内的分化时间。历史生物地理学是使用祖先范围概率和随机映射来估计的。结果 除了 Qualea 外，所有属的单系都得到支持，Qualea 被 Ruizterania 分成两个进化枝。Vochysiaceae 起源于 ~100 mya，分裂为一个 Afrotropical 和一个 Neotropical 谱系 ~50 mya，其祖先范围在目前被 Cerrado 占据的地区。结论 Vochysiaceae + Myrtaceae 的最新共同祖先具有西冈瓦纳分布，支持 Vochysiaceae 的南美 + 非洲祖先范围。在全球范围内，地理范围缩小是主要的生物地理事件。在更精细的范围内，初始范围的缩小也很重要，塞拉多地区是亚马逊、中美洲和大西洋森林发生多次殖民事件的最古老地区。殖民事件发生在从开阔地带到森林植被，