Until the discovery of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, biotechnology companies were severely limited in the number of human tissues that they could model in large-scale in vitro studies. Until this point, companies have been limited to immortalized cancer lines or a small number of primary cell types that could be extracted and expanded. Nowadays, protocols continue to be developed in the stem cell field, enabling researchers to model an ever-growing library of cell types in controlled, large-scale screens. One differentiation method in particular- cerebral organoids- shows substantial potential in the field of neuroscience and developmental neurobiology. Cerebral organoid technology is still in an early phase of development, and there are several challenges that are currently being addressed by academic and industrial researchers alike. Here we briefly describe some of the early adopters of cerebral organoids, several of the challenges that they are likely facing, and various technologies that are currently being implemented to overcome them.

在发现人类胚胎干细胞和人类诱导多能干细胞之前，生物技术公司可以在体外大规模建模的人体组织数量受到严重限制学习。在此之前，公司仅限于永生化的癌症细胞系或少数可以提取和扩增的原代细胞类型。如今，干细胞领域的协议不断发展，使研究人员能够在受控的大规模屏幕中模拟不断增长的细胞类型库。一种特别是大脑类器官的分化方法在神经科学和发育神经生物学领域显示出巨大的潜力。脑类器官技术仍处于早期发展阶段，学术和工业研究人员目前正在解决一些挑战。在这里，我们简要描述了一些脑类器官的早期采用者，他们可能面临的一些挑战，