The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of rapid and sensitive diagnostics of viral infection that enables the efficient tracing of cases and the implementation of public health measures for disease containment. The immediate actions from both academia and industry have led to the development of many COVID-19 diagnostic systems that have secured fast-track regulatory approvals and have been serving our healthcare frontlines since the early stage of the pandemic. On diagnostic technologies, many of these clinically validated systems have significantly benefited from the recent advances in micro- and nanotechnologies in terms of platform design, analytical method, and system integration and miniaturization. The continued development of new diagnostic platforms integrating micro- and nanocomponents will address some of the shortcomings we have witnessed in the existing COVID-19 diagnostic systems. This Perspective reviews the previous and ongoing research efforts on developing integrated micro- and nanosystems for nucleic acid-based virus detection, and highlights promising technologies that could provide better solutions for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases. With the summary and outlook of this rapidly evolving research field, we hope to inspire more research and development activities to better prepare our society for future public health crises.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行凸显了快速、灵敏地诊断病毒感染的重要性，这有助于有效追踪病例并实施公共卫生措施以遏制疾病。学术界和工业界的立即行动促成了许多 COVID-19 诊断系统的开发，这些系统已获得快速监管批准，并自大流行初期以来一直服务于我们的医疗保健前线。在诊断技术方面，许多经过临床验证的系统在平台设计、分析方法以及系统集成和小型化方面都极大地受益于微米和纳米技术的最新进展。集成微米和纳米组件的新诊断平台的持续开发将解决我们在现有 COVID-19 诊断系统中看到的一些缺点。本观点回顾了之前和正在进行的开发用于基于核酸的病毒检测的集成微纳米系统的研究工作，并强调了可以为 COVID-19 和其他病毒性传染病的诊断提供更好解决方案的有前途的技术。通过对这个快速发展的研究领域的总结和展望，我们希望能够激发更多的研究和开发活动，让我们的社会更好地为未来的公共卫生危机做好准备。本观点回顾了之前和正在进行的开发用于基于核酸的病毒检测的集成微纳米系统的研究工作，并强调了可以为 COVID-19 和其他病毒性传染病的诊断提供更好解决方案的有前途的技术。通过对这个快速发展的研究领域的总结和展望，我们希望能够激发更多的研究和开发活动，让我们的社会更好地为未来的公共卫生危机做好准备。本观点回顾了之前和正在进行的开发用于基于核酸的病毒检测的集成微纳米系统的研究工作，并强调了可以为 COVID-19 和其他病毒性传染病的诊断提供更好解决方案的有前途的技术。通过对这个快速发展的研究领域的总结和展望，我们希望能够激发更多的研究和开发活动，让我们的社会更好地为未来的公共卫生危机做好准备。