Abstract Various kinds of engineering software and digitalized equipment are widely applied through the lifecycle of industrial products. As a result, massive data of different types are being produced. However, these data are hysteretic and isolated from each other, leading to low efficiency and low utilization of these valuable data. Simulation based on theoretical and static model has been a conventional and powerful tool for the verification, validation, and optimization of a system in its early planning stage, but no attention is paid to the simulation application during system run-time. With the development of new-generation information and digitalization technologies, more data can be collected, and it is time to find a way for the deep application of all these data. As a result, the concept of digital twin has aroused much concern and is developing rapidly. Dispute and discussions around concepts, paradigms, frameworks, applications, and technologies of digital twin are on the rise both in academic and industrial communities. After a complete search of several databases and careful selection according to the proposed criteria, 240 academic publications about digital twin are identified and classified. This paper conducts a comprehensive and in-depth review of these literatures to analyze digital twin from the perspective of concepts, technologies, and industrial applications. Research status, evolution of the concept, key enabling technologies of three aspects, and fifteen kinds of industrial applications in respective lifecycle phase are demonstrated in detail. Based on this, observations and future work recommendations for digital twin research are presented in the form of different lifecycle phases.

中文翻译：

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关于概念、技术和工业应用的数字孪生回顾

摘要 各种工程软件和数字化设备在工业产品的整个生命周期中得到广泛应用。因此，正在产生不同类型的海量数据。然而，这些数据具有滞后性且相互隔离，导致这些有价值数据的效率低下且利用率低。基于理论和静态模型的仿真一直是系统早期规划阶段验证、验证和优化的传统而强大的工具，但在系统运行时并未关注仿真应用。随着新一代信息化和数字化技术的发展，可以收集到更多的数据，是时候为这些数据的深度应用寻找出路了。因此，数字孪生的概念备受关注，并且发展迅速。在学术界和工业界，围绕数字孪生的概念、范式、框架、应用和技术的争论和讨论都在增加。在对多个数据库进行完整搜索并根据提议的标准进行仔细选择后，确定并分类了 240 篇有关数字孪生的学术出版物。本文通过对这些文献进行全面深入的梳理，从概念、技术和产业应用的角度对数字孪生进行分析。详细展示了研究现状、概念演进、三个方面的关键使能技术，以及各自生命周期阶段的十五种工业应用。基于此，