Abstract Boiling is encountered in industrial processes as an effective heat transfer method. It generates vapor to remove a large amount of heat. The evolution of vapor bubbles in a boiling liquid, especially the growth of bubbles, is one of the parameters that determine the heat transfer strength of a heating surface. The growth process of bubble is complicated due to many physical or chemical factors. Here, for the first time, we report a new phenomenon of vapor bubble–bubble interaction process (a bubble interacts with its neighboring one(s) generated at the same nucleation site) during pool boiling aided by a nonionic surfactant. The different bubble interactions are defined as bubble–bubble penetration, bubble–bubble piercing, and double penetrations. It is motivated by microbubble emission from heater in subcooled pool boiling. Bubble dynamics in aqueous surfactant solution was visualized and analyzed. Much attention was paid on the vapor bubble generation, growth, and interaction in the presence of surfactant. It is worth noting that the bubble penetration frequently occurs in the current conditions. The findings are of fundamental and practical relevance, and in the hope to contribute to better understanding of surfactant-aided boiling mechanism.

中文翻译：

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非离子表面活性剂水溶液中过冷池沸腾过程中的汽泡-汽泡渗透

摘要 在工业过程中，沸腾是一种有效的传热方法。它会产生蒸汽以带走大量热量。沸腾液体中蒸汽气泡的演化，尤其是气泡的生长，是决定受热面传热强度的参数之一。由于许多物理或化学因素，气泡的生长过程是复杂的。在这里，我们第一次报告了在非离子表面活性剂辅助下的池沸腾期间蒸汽气泡-气泡相互作用过程的新现象（气泡与其在同一成核位点产生的相邻气泡相互作用）。不同的气泡相互作用被定义为气泡-气泡渗透、气泡-气泡穿刺和双重渗透。它是由过冷池沸腾中加热器的微气泡排放激发的。可视化和分析表面活性剂水溶液中的气泡动力学。大量关注在表面活性剂存在下蒸汽泡的产生、生长和相互作用。值得注意的是，气泡渗透在当前条件下经常发生。这些发现具有基本和实际意义，并希望有助于更好地理解表面活性剂辅助沸腾机制。