Abstract The global urban population is increasing and in many urban areas this, combined with densification, create a strain on urban water management and availability of urban green space. Simultaneously, climate change leads to increased frequency and intensity of cloudbursts and hot spells. To counteract experienced problems, cities are increasingly working to improve urban green space through actively including nature-based solutions (NBS) and their related ecosystem services (ES). From an urban sustainable development perspective, it is important to understand where and how to work with NBS and ES, to benefit the whole society. This task of urban ES governance is challenging, especially as the possibilities to work with green space depend on the amount of available space, which varies greatly in and between cities. The aim of the study was to assess how local stakeholders involved in urban development and regeneration processes in a neighbourhood perceive the physical/environmental and social structures, and their interactions in relation to ES provision. The study focuses on actors that directly or indirectly influence the wellbeing of local residents in the district Sofielund in Malmo, Sweden, and is based on semi-structured interviews with 16 stakeholders, including property owners or managers, businesses and local representatives from the Swedish Union of Tenants. The results show that local stakeholder involvement is a key to a just urban ES governance. Without acknowledging different stakeholder perspectives, there is a risk that those with more power and louder voices may steer the urban development in a certain direction, leaving the rest devoid of influence. Approaches to involve local residents exist in Sofielund, both within the local community, housing organizations, as well as a part of the ordinary planning process, but several barriers exist for a more structured participatory culture where the interest of local residents are taken into consideration. Particularly relevant for the interviewed stakeholders, is the identified lack of structure for participation and communication between property owners and the municipality. If the distribution of ES is unequal and participatory structures are lacking, stakeholders will perceive that their interests are not considered. In a short-term perspective, this will create unsatisfaction and decreased trust. In the longer perspective, it may create a degradation of the neighbourhood where economically stronger inhabitants move out. By ensuring, that local inhabitants perceive that their needs of green space are recognized and that a potential uneven distributions of ES provision is considered, it is possible to achieve a more just sustainable urban development. Based on these findings, we make four recommendations on how a just urban ES governance could be developed; social and physical development has to be seen as a whole, power structures have to be recognized, inclusive engagement structures have to be put in place, measurements of ES have to target relative ES provision, related to the needs of differet groups of residents groups.

中文翻译：

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社区层面的公正城市生态系统服务治理——来自瑞典马尔默 Sofielund 的观点

摘要 全球城市人口不断增加，在许多城市地区，这与密集化相结合，对城市水资源管理和城市绿地的可用性造成了压力。同时，气候变化导致暴风雨和炎热天气的频率和强度增加。为了解决遇到的问题，城市越来越多地致力于通过积极纳入基于自然的解决方案 (NBS) 及其相关的生态系统服务 (ES) 来改善城市绿地。从城市可持续发展的角度来看，重要的是要了解在何处以及如何与 NBS 和 ES 合作，造福全社会。城市 ES 治理的这项任务具有挑战性，特别是因为绿色空间的使用取决于可用空间的数量，而城市内部和城市之间的可用空间差异很大。该研究的目的是评估参与社区城市发展和再生过程的当地利益相关者如何看待物理/环境和社会结构，以及它们与 ES 提供相关的相互作用。该研究侧重于直接或间接影响瑞典马尔默 Sofielund 区当地居民福祉的行为者，并基于对 16 位利益相关者的半结构化访谈，包括业主或经理、企业和瑞典联盟的当地代表的租户。结果表明，当地利益相关者的参与是公正的城市生态系统治理的关键。在不承认不同利益相关者观点的情况下，那些拥有更多权力和更大声音的人可能会朝着某个方向引导城市发展，剩下的就没有影响了。在 Sofielund，在当地社区、住房组织以及普通规划过程的一部分中存在让当地居民参与的方法，但在考虑当地居民利益的更有条理的参与文化方面存在一些障碍。与受访的利益相关者特别相关的是，业主和市政当局之间缺乏参与和沟通的结构。如果 ES 分配不均且缺乏参与结构，利益相关者会认为他们的利益没有得到考虑。从短期来看，这会造成不满意和信任度下降。从长远来看，它可能会导致经济实力较强的居民迁出的社区退化。通过确保当地居民意识到他们对绿色空间的需求得到认可，并考虑到 ES 供应的潜在不均衡分布，就有可能实现更公正的可持续城市发展。基于这些发现，我们就如何发展公正的城市生态系统治理提出了四项建议；必须将社会和身体发展视为一个整体，必须承认权力结构，必须建立包容性参与结构，必须针对与不同居民群体需求相关的相对 ES 提供来衡量 ES。如果当地居民认为他们对绿地的需求得到认可，并且考虑到 ES 供应的潜在分布不均，就有可能实现更公正的可持续城市发展。基于这些发现，我们就如何发展公正的城市生态系统治理提出了四项建议；必须将社会和身体发展视为一个整体，必须承认权力结构，必须建立包容性参与结构，必须针对与不同居民群体需求相关的相对 ES 提供来衡量 ES。如果当地居民认为他们对绿地的需求得到认可，并且考虑到 ES 供应的潜在分布不均，就有可能实现更公正的可持续城市发展。基于这些发现，我们就如何发展公正的城市生态系统治理提出了四项建议；必须将社会和身体发展视为一个整体，必须承认权力结构，必须建立包容性参与结构，必须针对与不同居民群体需求相关的相对 ES 提供来衡量 ES。