A complex decision-making challenge senior managers commonly face is the selection of the winning bid from multiple project proposals. Project selection decisions become more complex when providers deliberately choose to introduce ambiguity to their project proposals rather than address the client's predetermined set of desired specifications. In particular, providers suggest in their proposals a range of values for some product specifications. Providers introduce ambiguity for various reasons, such as future technological advances and strategic misrepresentation. Further, such disruptive behaviour is tolerated by clients for reasons such as ambition, lack of knowledge, uncertain needs, complexity and a lack of competition. This paper defines the ambiguous proposal evaluation problem and develops a solution which enables such proposals to be compared and ranked. The solution is developed through the utilisation of fuzzy logic in combination with a multi-criteria decision-making method, and is illustrated on a procurement project. The contribution of this paper is firstly to define a practical problem in the literature and secondly to develop a solution which enables ranking ambiguous options.

高级管理人员通常面临的一个复杂的决策挑战是从多个项目建议中选择中标。当提供商故意选择在其项目建议中引入歧义而不是解决客户预定的期望规格集时，项目选择决策将变得更加复杂。特别是，提供商在其建议中建议了一些产品规格的范围值。提供商出于各种原因引入歧义，例如未来的技术进步和战略性失实陈述。此外，客户出于野心，缺乏知识，不确定的需求，复杂性和缺乏竞争等原因而容忍这种破坏性行为。本文定义了模棱两可的提案评估问题，并提出了一种解决方案，可以对这些提案进行比较和排名。该解决方案是通过使用模糊逻辑结合多准则决策方法开发的，并在采购项目中进行了说明。本文的贡献首先是定义文献中的实际问题，其次是开发能够对歧义选项进行排名的解决方案。