Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are plant-mediated changes to soil properties that ultimately influence plant performance, and can, thus, determine plant diversity, succession, and invasion. We hypothesized that PSFs influence invasion processes and that PSF mechanisms are largely driven by changes in soil properties produced by specific plant species. To test these hypotheses, we studied the effects of different soils collected from under common plant species on the growth of the invasive plant Phytolacca americana. We found that PSFs may interfere with invasion resistance because P. americana seedlings showed reduced growth (lower biomass) in soils collected from underneath some native species compared with soils collected from underneath P. americana and two non-native plants. We then selected eight co-occurring native and non-native plant species, and examined PSF dynamics and mechanisms in a pairwise conditioned soil greenhouse experiment. Plant species-specific conditioning effects regarding soil nutrients and enzyme activities were observed. Phytolacca americana had a high ability to use soil N, which may be related to its high invasion ability. Soil P was significantly lower in Quercus acutissima-conditioned soil, indicating that low P availability in Q. acutissima forests may enhance resistance to plant invasion. However, surprisingly, some native plants did not produce PSF effects that decreased the relative performance of invasive plants, nor did the invasive plants produce PSF effects that increased their own performance. We speculate that these PSF findings from greenhouse experiments cannot be extrapolated to field conditions because the litter and allelochemicals of some plants may be important for invasion resistance.

植物-土壤反馈（PSF）是植物介导的土壤特性变化，最终会影响植物的生长性能，从而决定植物的多样性，演替和入侵。我们假设PSF会影响入侵过程，并且PSF机制很大程度上是由特定植物物种产生的土壤特性的变化所驱动。为了检验这些假设，我们研究了从常见植物物种下收集的不同土壤对美国入侵植物疫霉的生长的影响。我们发现PSFs可能会干扰入侵抵抗力，因为与从美洲P.a美洲下采集的土壤相比，美洲P.a幼苗在某些原生物种下收集的土壤中生长减少（生物量较低）。和两个非本地植物。然后，我们选择了8种同时存在的本地和非本地植物物种，并在成对条件的土壤温室实验中检查了PSF动力学和机理。观察到有关土壤养分和酶活性的植物物种特有的调节作用。美洲疫霉具有很高的土壤氮利用能力，这可能与其入侵能力强有关。土壤磷在被显著降低栎acutissima-空调土壤，这表明低P在可用性麻栎森林可以增强对植物入侵的抵抗力。然而，令人惊讶的是，一些天然植物没有产生降低入侵植物相对性能的PSF作用，也没有入侵植物产生增加其自身性能的PSF作用。我们推测，温室试验中的这些PSF结果不能外推到田间条件，因为某些植物的凋落物和化感物质可能对入侵抵抗具有重要意义。