The potential for electrochemical conversion of bio-oil was overlooked for a long period due to the poor electrical conductivity and unclear reaction mechanism. This study aimed to provide an insight into bio-oil of electrochemical conversion mechanism and product distribution. In this study, using walnut shell bio-oil with enhanced electrical conductivity by ammonium carbonate as raw material, electrolysis experiments were carried out using different electrolysis times by constant current method (20 mA) in H-type electrolytic cell at a stable temperature (0 °C). The results showed that phenols, aldehydes, and lignin were copolymerized; meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid underwent decarbonylation and decarboxylation. The hydrogen-releasing electrode reaction also occurred at the cathode during the conversion process. Besides, the properties of products were characterized by elemental analysis, GC-TCD/FID, GC/MS, ¹H NMR, FTIR, and TG-FTIR. Solid products were of possibility for application in new materials owing to containing copolymers with lignin structure, and gas products could be utilized as gas fuels with the combustible gas (H₂, CO, CH₄, and olefins) content as 79.24%.

Graphical Abstract

由于不良的电导率和不清楚的反应机理，长期以来一直忽视了生物油电化学转化的潜力。这项研究旨在提供生物油的电化学转化机理和产物分布的见解。本研究以碳酸铵增强电导率的核桃壳生物油为原料，在恒定温度（0℃）下，采用恒流法（20mA）在H型电解槽中以不同的电解时间进行了电解实验。 °C）。结果表明，酚类，醛类和木质素共聚。同时，对不饱和脂肪酸如油酸进行脱羰和脱羧。在转化过程中，氢释放电极反应也发生在阴极。除了，¹ H NMR，FTIR和TG-FTIR。固体产物由于含有木质素结构的共聚物而有可能在新材料中应用，并且气体产物可用作可燃气体（H ₂，CO，CH ₄和烯烃）含量为79.24％的气体燃料。

图形概要