Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients and is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β cells; as a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic. Administration or injection of exogenous insulin cannot mimic the endogenous insulin secreted by a healthy pancreas. Pancreas and islet transplantation have emerged as promising treatments for reconstructing the normal regulation of blood glucose in T1DM patients. However, a critical shortage of pancreases and islets derived from human organ donors, complications associated with transplantations, high cost, and limited procedural availability remain bottlenecks in the widespread application of these strategies. Attempts have been directed to accommodate the increasing population of patients with T1DM. Stem cell therapy holds great potential for curing patients with T1DM. With the advent of research on stem cell therapy for various diseases, breakthroughs in stem cell-based therapy for T1DM have been reported. However, many unsolved issues need to be addressed before stem cell therapy will be clinically feasible for diabetic patients. In this review, we discuss the current research advances in strategies to obtain insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from different precursor cells and in stem cell-based therapies for diabetes.

中文翻译：

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1型糖尿病干细胞治疗的最新进展。

1型糖尿病（T1DM）是年轻患者中最常见的慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺β细胞丢失。结果，身体变得胰岛素不足和高血糖。给予或注射外源性胰岛素不能模仿健康胰腺分泌的内源性胰岛素。胰腺和胰岛移植已成为重建T1DM患者血糖正常调节的有前途的治疗方法。然而，来自人体器官供体的胰腺和胰岛的严重短缺，与移植相关的并发症，高昂的成本以及有限的程序可用性仍然是这些策略广泛应用的瓶颈。已经尝试进行尝试以适应增加的T1DM患者人群。干细胞疗法具有治愈T1DM患者的巨大潜力。随着对各种疾病的干细胞疗法的研究的到来，已经报道了基于干细胞的T1DM疗法的突破。但是，在糖尿病患者的干细胞治疗在临床上可行之前，需要解决许多未解决的问题。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从不同的前体细胞获得胰岛素产生细胞（IPC）的策略以及基于干细胞的糖尿病治疗中的当前研究进展。