Introduction. Despite increasing application of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections, the cytological findings in pap smears of patients with pathogens that can be identified only by PCR are not yet well described. The aim of this study was to describe the most common cytological features in cervical pap smears of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum detected by multiplex PCR. Methods. Cervical samples for conventional and liquid-based cytology and for multiplex PCR were collected from women ranging from 23 to 54 years old, who underwent routine screening at a gynecological Unit. Results. Multiplex PCR was positive in 36.2% of the samples: Ureaplasma parvum 14.9%, Chlamydia trachomatis 10.6%, Trichomonas vaginalis 10.6%, Mycoplasma hominis 8.5%, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.2%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.1%, and Mycoplasma genitalium (0). Multiple pathogens were observed in 12.8% of samples. Microscopic cervicitis (≥10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/epithelial cell) and normal (predominantly lactobacillary) microbiota were the most frequent findings in the samples in which the pathogens were detected alone or in multiple infections, except for samples with Trichomonas vaginalis in which the coccobacillary microbiota was the most common. In samples with microscopic cervicitis and normal microbiota, those with at least one pathogen identified by multiplex PCR were significantly more frequent than those with no pathogen, 66.6% versus 33.3%. Conclusion. Failure to identify an inflammatory agent in pap smear with intense neutrophil exudate may suggest the presence of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. A remark on the intensity of inflammation should be made in the reports of cervical pap smears so that this cytological finding can be correlated with clinical and PCR results.

中文翻译：

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通过多重 PCR 检测解脲脲原体、细小解脲脲原体、沙眼衣原体、阴道毛滴虫、人型支原体和淋球菌样本的宫颈细胞学。

简介。尽管越来越多地应用分子诊断方法来检测性传播感染，但仅通过 PCR 才能识别的病原体患者的巴氏涂片中的细胞学发现尚未得到很好的描述。本研究的目的是描述通过多重 PCR 检测的沙眼衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌、生殖支原体、阴道毛滴虫、人型支原体、解脲脲原体和细小解脲脲原体患者宫颈涂片中最常见的细胞学特征。方法. 常规和基于液体的细胞学和多重 PCR 的宫颈样本是从 23 至 54 岁的女性身上收集的，这些女性在妇科部门接受了常规筛查。结果。多重 PCR 在 36.2% 的样本中呈阳性：小脲原体14.9%、沙眼衣原体10.6%、阴道毛滴虫10.6%、人型支原体8.5%、解脲脲原体4.2%、淋球菌2.1% 和生殖支原体(0)。在 12.8% 的样本中观察到多种病原体。显微镜下宫颈炎（≥10 个多形核白细胞/上皮细胞）和正常（主要是乳酸杆菌）微生物群是单独或多重感染中检测到病原体的样本中最常见的发现，除了阴道毛滴虫样本，其中球杆菌微生物群是最常见的。在显微镜下宫颈炎和正常微生物群的样本中，通过多重 PCR 鉴定出至少一种病原体的样本明显高于没有病原体的样本，分别为 66.6% 和 33.3%。结论。未能在巴氏涂片中鉴定出含有大量中性粒细胞渗出物的炎症因子可能表明存在小脲原体，解脲脲原体、沙眼衣原体或阴道毛滴虫。应在宫颈涂片检查报告中注明炎症强度，以便将这种细胞学发现与临床和 PCR 结果相关联。