Arthroderma is the most diverse genus among dermatophytes encompassing species occurring in soil, caves, animal burrows, clinical material and other environments. In this study, we collected ex-type, reference and authentic strains of all currently accepted Arthroderma species and generated sequences of three highly variable loci (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α). The number of accepted species was expanded to 27. One novel species, A. melbournense (ex-type strain CCF 6162^T = CBS 145858^T), is described. This species was isolated from toenail dust collected by a podiatrist in Melbourne, during an epidemiological study of four geographical regions of Eastern Australia. Trichophyton terrestre, Chrysosporium magnisporum, and Chrysosporium oceanitis are transferred to Arthroderma. Typification is provided for T. terrestre that is not conspecific with any of the supposed biological species from the former T. terrestre complex, that is, A. insingulare, A. lenticulare and A. quadrifidum. A multi-gene phylogeny and reference sequences provided in this study should serve as a basis for future phylogenetic studies and facilitate species identification in practice.

中文翻译：

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节肢动物属的三基因系统发育：未来分类学研究的基础

关节病是皮肤癣菌中最多样化的属，包括发生在土壤、洞穴、动物洞穴、临床材料和其他环境中的物种。在这项研究中，我们收集了所有当前接受的关节病菌种的前型、参考和真实菌株，并生成了三个高度可变位点（ITS rDNA、β-微管蛋白和翻译延伸因子 1-α）的序列。被接受的物种数量扩大到 27 个。描述了一种新物种A. melbournense（前型菌株 CCF 6162 ^T  = CBS 145858 ^T）。在对澳大利亚东部四个地理区域进行的流行病学研究期间，该物种是从墨尔本足病医生收集的脚趾甲灰尘中分离出来的。Trichophyton terrestre、Chrysosporium magnisporum和Chrysosporium Oceanitis转移到关节皮病。典型化提供了T. terrestre不是同种同任何来自前假想的生物物种的T. terrestre复杂，那就是A. insingulare，A lenticulare和A. quadrifidum。本研究中提供的多基因系统发育和参考序列应作为未来系统发育研究的基础，并促进实践中的物种鉴定。