Ribosome Composition Maximizes Cellular Growth Rates in E. coli.,Physical Review Letters

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Ribosome Composition Maximizes Cellular Growth Rates in E. coli.
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.028103
Sarah Kostinski ₁ , Shlomi Reuveni _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of one-third protein and two-thirds RNA by mass. The predominance of RNA is often attributed to a primordial RNA world, but why exactly two-thirds remains a long-standing mystery. Here we present a quantitative analysis, based on the kinetics of ribosome self-replication, demonstrating that the

1 ∶ 2

protein-to-RNA mass ratio uniquely maximizes cellular growth rates in E. coli. A previously unrecognized growth law, and an invariant of bacterial growth, also follow from our analysis. The growth law reveals that the ratio between the number of ribosomes and the number of polymerases making ribosomal RNA is proportional to the cellular doubling time. The invariant is conserved across growth conditions and specifies how key microscopic parameters in the cell, such as transcription and translation rates, are coupled to cellular physiology. Quantitative predictions from the growth law and invariant are shown to be in excellent agreement with E. coli data despite having no fitting parameters. Our analysis can be readily extended to other bacteria once data become available.

中文翻译：

核糖体成分使大肠杆菌中的细胞生长速率最大化。

细菌核糖体由三分之一的蛋白质和三分之二的RNA组成。RNA的优势通常归因于原始的RNA世界，但是为什么精确到三分之二仍然是一个长期的谜。在这里，我们基于核糖体自我复制的动力学进行了定量分析，证明了

1个 ： 2

蛋白质与RNA的质量比独特地使大肠杆菌中的细胞生长速率最大化。我们的分析还遵循了以前无法识别的生长规律，以及细菌生长的不变性。生长规律表明，核糖体数目与构成核糖体RNA的聚合酶数目之间的比率与细胞倍增时间成正比。该不变量在整个生长条件下都是保守的，并指定细胞中的关键微观参数（例如转录和翻译速率）如何与细胞生理学耦合。尽管没有合适的参数，但从生长规律和不变性得出的定量预测与大肠杆菌数据非常吻合。一旦获得数据，我们的分析就可以很容易地扩展到其他细菌。

更新日期：2020-07-08

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