A ternary mixture of carbon, copper sulfide, and cobalt sulfide was used to fabricate the counter electrode (CE) in quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). The ternary-mixture-based CE achieved much higher energy conversion efficiency than any CE based on the individual material. The mixture and the CE were investigated by photocurrent density–voltage characteristics, X-ray diffraction patterns, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and contour line plots. A balanced mix results in enhanced photocurrent and reduced charge transfer resistance at the interface, and this leads to optimized device performance. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency was 3.73% at a 1:1:1 mass ratio. The efficiency was as high as 3.09% via a corresponding flexible CE.

中文翻译：

---

基于三元混合物的量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极

碳，硫化铜和硫化钴的三元混合物用于制造量子点敏化太阳能电池（QDSSC）中的对电极（CE）。基于三元混合物的CE的能量转换效率远高于任何基于单个材料的CE。通过光电流密度-电压特性，X射线衍射图，电化学阻抗谱和等高线图研究了混合物和CE。平衡的混合可增强光电流并降低界面处的电荷转移电阻，从而可优化器件性能。在1∶1∶1的质量比下，最高的光电转换效率为3.73％。通过相应的灵活CE，效率高达3.09％。