Knowledge of oscillatory entrainment and its fundamental role in cognitive and behavioral processing has increasingly been applied to research in the field of reading and developmental dyslexia. Growing evidence indicates that oscillatory entrainment to theta frequency spoken language in the auditory domain, along with cross-frequency theta-gamma coupling, support phonological processing (i.e., cognitive encoding of linguistic knowledge gathered from speech) which is required for reading. This theory is called the temporal sampling framework (TSF) and can extend to developmental dyslexia, such that inadequate temporal sampling of speech-sounds in people with dyslexia results in poor theta oscillatory entrainment in the auditory domain, and thus a phonological processing deficit which hinders reading ability. We suggest that inadequate theta oscillations in the visual domain might account for the many magno-dorsal processing, oculomotor control and visual deficits seen in developmental dyslexia. We propose two possible models of a magno-dorsal visual correlate to the auditory TSF: (1) A direct correlate that involves “bottom-up” magnocellular oscillatory entrainment of the visual domain that occurs when magnocellular populations phase lock to theta frequency fixations during reading and (2) an inverse correlate whereby attending to text triggers “top-down” low gamma signals from higher-order visual processing areas, thereby organizing magnocellular populations to synchronize to a theta frequency to drive the temporal control of oculomotor movements and capturing of letter images at a higher frequency.

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发育性阅读障碍视觉处理的时间采样基础

关于振荡夹带及其在认知和行为处理中的基本作用的知识已越来越多地应用于阅读和发展性阅读障碍领域的研究。越来越多的证据表明，听觉领域对θ频率口语的振荡夹带，以及跨频率θ-伽马耦合，支持阅读所需的语音处理（即从语音收集的语言知识的认知编码）。该理论被称为时间采样框架（TSF），可以扩展到发展性阅读障碍，即患有阅读障碍的人对语音的时间采样不足会导致听觉领域的θ振荡夹带不良，从而导致语音处理缺陷，从而阻碍阅读能力。我们认为，视觉领域的θ振荡不足可能是发育性阅读障碍中出现的许多枕背加工、动眼神经控制和视觉缺陷的原因。我们提出了两种可能的磁背视觉与听觉 TSF 相关的模型：（1）一种直接关联，涉及视觉域的“自下而上”的大细胞振荡夹带，当大细胞群体在阅读期间锁相到 theta 频率固定时发生。 (2) 逆相关性，即关注文本会触发来自高阶视觉处理区域的“自上而下”低伽马信号，从而组织大细胞群体与 theta 频率同步，以驱动动眼运动的时间控制和字母的捕捉图像出现频率较高。