Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are complex and highly regulated processes. Over the years, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the MSC commitment to the osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic phenotypes. High-throughput methodologies have been used to investigate the gene expression profile during differentiation. Association of data analysis of mRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, obtained at different time points over these processes, are important to depict the complexity of differentiation. This review will discuss the results that were highlighted in transcriptome analyses of MSC undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The focus is to shed light on key molecules, main signaling pathways and biological processes related to different time points of adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.

人类间充质干细胞/基质细胞（MSC）的脂肪生成、骨生成和软骨生成是复杂且高度调控的过程。多年来，一些研究集中于了解 MSC 参与成骨、脂肪形成和/或软骨形成表型的机制。高通量方法已用于研究分化过程中的基因表达谱。在这些过程的不同时间点获得的 mRNA、microRNA、环状 RNA 和长非编码 RNA 的数据分析关联对于描述分化的复杂性非常重要。本综述将讨论 MSC 进行脂肪形成、成骨和软骨形成分化的转录组分析中强调的结果。重点是阐明与脂肪生成、成骨和软骨生成不同时间点相关的关键分子、主要信号通路和生物过程。