The cerebellar vermis, long associated with axial motor control, has been implicated in a surprising range of neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and affective functions. Remarkably little is known, however, about the specific cell types and neural circuits responsible for these diverse functions. Here, using single-cell gene expression profiling and anatomical circuit analyses of vermis output neurons in the mouse fastigial (medial cerebellar) nucleus, we identify five major classes of glutamatergic projection neurons distinguished by gene expression, morphology, distribution, and input-output connectivity. Each fastigial cell type is connected with a specific set of Purkinje cells and inferior olive neurons and in turn innervates a distinct collection of downstream targets. Transsynaptic tracing indicates extensive disynaptic links with cognitive, affective, and motor forebrain circuits. These results indicate that diverse cerebellar vermis functions could be mediated by modular synaptic connections of distinct fastigial cell types with posturomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting, and vigilance circuits.

中文翻译：

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小脑蚓部不同运动和非运动功能的顶核模块化输出电路

长期以来与轴向运动控制相关的小脑蚓部与一系列令人惊讶的神经精神疾病以及认知和情感功能有关。然而，对负责这些不同功能的特定细胞类型和神经回路知之甚少。在这里，使用小鼠顶（内侧小脑）核中蚓部输出神经元的单细胞基因表达谱和解剖回路分析，我们确定了五类主要类别的谷氨酸能投射神经元，其特征在于基因表达、形态、分布和输入输出连接. 每种冠层细胞类型都与一组特定的浦肯野细胞和下橄榄神经元相连，进而支配一组不同的下游目标。跨突触追踪表明与认知、情感和运动前脑回路存在广泛的非突触联系。这些结果表明，不同的小脑蚓部功能可以通过具有姿势运动、口运动、位置-自主神经、定向和警戒回路的不同尖端细胞类型的模块化突触连接介导。