United States marine aquaculture industries, which consist primarily of molluscan shellfish and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar were valued at US$192 million in 2016. Coldwater marine aquaculture production has great potential for expansion, and both Atlantic Salmon and eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are widely accepted as seafood by American consumers. Commercial salmon and oyster producers predominantly use stocks that are not many generations removed from wild, unselected stocks, so there is a need for continuous support to this industry through breeding programs. The National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (NCWMAC) is the only long‐term program for developing genetically improved salmon and tools for the genetic improvement of eastern oysters in support of the U.S. coldwater marine aquaculture industry. The objectives of the program are to (1) expand and optimize approaches for multitrait selection in Atlantic Salmon and (2) advance genetic improvement technologies for the eastern oyster. Heritabilities for fillet color and fat, sea lice resistance, and growth of Atlantic Salmon were determined. The average gutted carcass weight for the genetically improved salmon was 5.91 kg/fish compared with 3.19 kg/fish for the control strain. The purpose of this article is to describe the current status of the NCWMAC research programs and summarize recent genetics gains.

中文翻译：

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美国农业部农业研究局国家冷水海洋水产养殖中心对北美大西洋鲑鱼和东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica的遗传改良

美国海水养殖行业，主要包括贝类软体动物和大西洋鲑鱼大西洋鲑在美国的1.92亿$ 2016 Coldwater的海水养殖产量受到重视具有扩张潜力巨大，两者大西洋鲑鱼和牡蛎东部牡蛎锦葵被美国消费者广泛接受为海鲜。商业鲑鱼和牡蛎生产者主要使用从野生，未经选择的种群中剔除的世代不多的种群，因此需要通过育种计划对该产业的持续支持。国家冷水海洋水产养殖中心（NCWMAC）是唯一的长期计划，用于开发转基因鲑鱼和东部牡蛎遗传改良的工具，以支持美国冷水海洋水产养殖业。该计划的目标是（1）扩展和优化大西洋鲑鱼多性状选择方法，以及（2）改进东部牡蛎的遗传改良技术。确定了圆角颜色和脂肪的遗传力，抗海虱的能力以及大西洋鲑鱼的生长。转基因鲑鱼的去内脏g体平均重量为5.91千克/鱼，而对照菌株为3.19千克/鱼。本文的目的是描述NCWMAC研究计划的当前状况，并总结最近的遗传学进展。