There is currently a lack of biomarkers to assist the diagnosis and prediction of primary gouty arthritis (PG). Therefore, we evaluated the clinical value of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PG. This study included 36 patients with acute phase PG (APPG), 48 with non‐acute phase PG (NAPPG), 42 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) and 79 normal controls (NCs). PD‐1 mRNA expression levels were detected by qRT‐PCR. PD‐1 mRNA expression was statistically analysed by ANOVA or t tests, while correlations between PD‐1 mRNA and clinical variables were assessed using Pearson correlation tests. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of PD‐1 in different PG stages. PD‐1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients with APPG than that in NAPPG, AH and NCs (P  < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that PD‐1 mRNA levels correlated negatively with T‐score (r  = −0.209, P  < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that serum uric acid (SUA), PD‐1 mRNA and both combined displayed higher diagnostic value in patients with PG, NAPPG and APPG compared to that in NCs and patients with non‐PG arthritis (NPG). Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed that SUA and PD‐1 mRNA had good diagnostic value in APPG, with the greatest diagnostic power when combined. PD‐1 mRNA could be a clinical auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for APPG, and the combined use of PD‐1 mRNA and SUA is better than that of SUA alone.

中文翻译：

---

外周血单个核细胞中PD-1 mRNA表达作为原发性痛风性关节炎不同阶段的生物标志物。

目前缺乏用于辅助诊断和预测原发性痛风性关节炎（PG）的生物标志物。因此，我们评估了PG患者外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）mRNA表达的临床价值。该研究包括 36 名急性期 PG (APPG)、48 名非急性期 PG (NAPPG)、42 名无症状高尿酸血症 (AH) 和 79 名正常对照 (NC)。通过qRT-PCR检测PD-1 mRNA表达水平。通过ANOVA或t统计分析PD-1 mRNA表达PD-1 mRNA 与临床变量之间的相关性使用 Pearson 相关性检验进行评估。接受者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析用于评估PD-1在不同PG阶段的诊断价值。APPG 患者的 PD-1 mRNA 表达显着低于 NAPPG、AH 和 NCs（P  < 0.01）。相关性分析显示，PD-1 mRNA 水平与 T 分数呈负相关（r  = -0.209，P < 0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示，血清尿酸（SUA）、PD-1 mRNA及其联合对PG、NAPPG和APPG患者的诊断价值高于NCs和非PG关节炎（NPG）患者。此外，ROC曲线分析显示SUA和PD-1 mRNA在APPG中具有良好的诊断价值，联合使用时具有最大的诊断能力。PD-1 mRNA可作为APPG的临床辅助诊断生物标志物，PD-1 mRNA与SUA联合使用优于单独使用SUA。