Emerging patterns of regulatory T cell function in tuberculosis.,Clinical & Experimental Immunology

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Emerging patterns of regulatory T cell function in tuberculosis.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 , DOI: 10.1111/cei.13488
A Ahmed ₁ , A Vyakarnam _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide from a single infectious agent and has significant implications for global health. A major hurdle in the development of effective TB vaccines and therapies is the absence of defined immune‐correlates of protection. In this context, the role of regulatory T cells (T_reg), which are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, is even less understood. This review aims to address this knowledge gap by providing an overview of the emerging patterns of T_reg function in TB. Increasing evidence from studies, both in animal models of infection and TB patients, points to the fact the role of T_regs in TB is dependent on disease stage. While T_regs might expand and delay the appearance of protective responses in the early stages of infection, their role in the chronic phase perhaps is to counter‐regulate excessive inflammation. New data highlight that this important homeostatic role of T_regs in the chronic phase of TB may be compromised by the expansion of activated human leucocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR)⁺CD4⁺ suppression‐resistant effector T cells. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the key features of T_reg cells in TB; highlights the importance of a balanced immune response as being important in TB and discusses the importance of probing not just T_reg frequency but also qualitative aspects of T_reg function as part of a comprehensive search for novel TB treatments.

中文翻译：

结核病中调节性T细胞功能的新兴模式。

结核病（TB）是全球由单一传染病导致的十大死亡原因之一，对全球健康具有重大影响。有效结核病疫苗和疗法发展的主要障碍是缺乏明确的免疫相关保护。在这种情况下，对维持免疫稳态所必不可少的调节性T细胞（T _reg）的作用了解得很少。这篇综述旨在通过概述结核病中T _reg功能的新兴模式来解决这一知识鸿沟。在感染的动物模型和结核病患者中，越来越多的研究证据表明，T _regs在结核病中的作用取决于疾病的阶段。虽然T _regs在感染的早期阶段可能会扩大和延迟保护性反应的出现，它们在慢性期的作用也许是为了抵消过度的炎症。新数据强调，T _regs在结核病慢性期中的这种重要的体内平衡作用可能被活化的人类白细胞抗原D相关（HLA-DR）⁺ CD4 ⁺抑制性抗性效应T细胞的扩增所损害。这篇综述对结核病中T _reg细胞的关键特征进行了全面而关键的分析。亮点平衡的免疫反应是结核病重要的意义，并讨论了探测不仅仅是T的重要性_REG频率也的T质量方面_REG 作为寻找新型结核病治疗方法的一部分。

更新日期：2020-07-08

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