Biochar, produced by the thermal decomposition of various biomass sources, is applied in different fields of research due to its distinctive properties. With the recent explosion of methods of a large-scale synthesis of biochar, the number of literatures relevant to biochar and biochar based materials has increased exponentially. This review exclusively focuses on the current development of biochar based functional catalysts, and provides critical emphasis on the different applications in various reactions, including (trans)esterification, catalytic reforming/cracking, gasification/pyrolysis, hydrolysis, electrochemical reactions, photocatalytic and persulfate/peroxymonosulfate oxidation, etc. Thus, in this review, we firstly present a brief description of the design and synthesis of the biochar based catalyst, and then summary the applications of these biochar based catalysts based upon different reactions. Finally, the current advances and the future perspectives of the biochar catalysts will be presented. Hopefully, this review will offer a perspective and guidelines for the future research and development of biochar based catalysts.

通过各种生物质源的热分解产生的生物炭，由于其独特的特性而被应用于不同的研究领域。随着生物炭大规模合成方法的最新发展，与生物炭和基于生物炭的材料有关的文献数量呈指数增长。这篇综述专门关注基于生物炭的功能催化剂的当前发展，并重点强调了在各种反应中的不同应用，包括（反式）酯化，催化重整/裂解，气化/热解，水解，电化学反应，光催化和过硫酸盐/因此，在本综述中，我们首先简要介绍生物炭基催化剂的设计和合成，然后总结了这些基于生物炭的催化剂基于不同反应的应用。最后，将介绍生物炭催化剂的当前进展和未来前景。希望这篇综述将为生物炭基催化剂的未来研究提供一个观点和指导。