Abstract Throughout the course of evolution, organisms have produced biominerals with hierarchical structures derived from organic templates. Over the last couple of decades, scientists have adopted sophisticated structures as templates for preparing pure or hybrid inorganic materials that bear the same morphologies as their biological counterparts. The present review provides a broad overview on the state-of-the-art research in the field of mineralized inorganic and hybrid materials, using functional biological or synthetic templates that have been adopted for biomedical, physical, chemical and environmental applications. The synthesis, properties, and progress of these bio-inspired materials are reviewed to provide a backdrop for future research in various arenas.

中文翻译：

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矿化杂化和无机材料的生物和合成模板导向合成

摘要 在整个进化过程中，生物体产生了源自有机模板的具有层次结构的生物矿物。在过去的几十年里，科学家们采用复杂的结构作为模板来制备与生物对应物具有相同形态的纯或混合无机材料。本综述使用已被用于生物医学、物理、化学和环境应用的功能性生物或合成模板，对矿化无机和杂化材料领域的最新研究进行了广泛的概述。综述了这些仿生材料的合成、性质和进展，为未来各个领域的研究提供了背景。