Black pepper production in Malaysia was restricted by various diseases. Hazardous chemical products appear to be the best solution to control diseases in black pepper cultivation. However, persistence of chemical residues in peppercorns could affect the quality of exports and consumptions. Application of fertilizers is crucial to sustain pepper growth and high yield. But, continuous use of chemical fertilizers could affect the soil ecosystem and eventually restrict nutrient uptake by pepper roots. Therefore, we propose biological approaches as an alternative solution instead of chemical products to sustain pepper cultivation in Malaysia. In this study, we have isolated a total of seven indigenous rhizobacteria antagonistic to soil-borne Fusarium solani, the causal fungus of slow decline, the most serious debilitating disease of black pepper in Malaysia. The isolated bacteria were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus siamensis, Brevibacillus gelatini, Pseudomonas geniculata, Pseudomonas beteli, Burkholderia ubonensis and Burkholderia territorii. These bacteria were effective in production of antifungal siderophore with the amount of 53.4 %–73.5 % per 0.5 mL of cell-free supernatants. The bacteria also produced appreciable amount of chitinase with chitinolytic index was ranged from 1.19 to 1.76. The bacteria have shown phosphate solubilizing index within 1.61 to 2.01. They were also efficient in ACC deaminase (0.52 mM–0.62 mM) and ammonia (60.3 mM–75.3 mM) production. The isolated antagonists were efficacious in stimulation of black pepper plant growth and root development through IAA (10.5 μg/mL–42.6 μg/mL) secretion. In conclusion, the isolated rhizobacteria are potent to be developed not only as biocontrol agents to minimize the utilization of hazardous chemicals in black pepper disease management, but also developed as bio-fertilizers to improve black pepper plant growth due to their capabilities in plant growth-promotion.

马来西亚的黑胡椒生产受到各种疾病的限制。有害化学产品似乎是控制黑胡椒种植中疾病的最佳解决方案。但是，花椒中化学残留物的持续存在会影响出口和消费的质量。施肥对维持辣椒生长和高产至关重要。但是，持续使用化学肥料可能会影响土壤生态系统，并最终限制胡椒根吸收养分。因此，我们建议使用生物方法代替化学产品来替代替代产品，以维持马来西亚的胡椒种植。在这项研究中，我们分离出了总共七个对土壤枯草镰刀菌具有拮抗作用的本土根瘤菌，缓慢下降的原因真菌，是马来西亚黑胡椒最严重的使人衰弱的疾病。将分离出的细菌被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌siamensis等，短短芽孢gelatini，假单胞菌膝，假单胞菌beteli，伯克霍尔德ubonensis和伯克霍尔德territorii。这些细菌可有效产生抗真菌铁载体，每0.5 mL无细胞上清液的含量为53.4％–73.5％。该细菌还产生可观数量的几丁质酶，其几丁质分解指数为1.19至1.76。细菌显示的磷酸盐溶解指数在1.61至2.01之间。它们在ACC脱氨酶（0.52 mM–0.62 mM）和氨（60.3 mM–75.3 mM）的生产中也很有效。分离的拮抗剂通过IAA（10.5μg/ mL–42.6μg/ mL）分泌物有效刺激黑胡椒植物的生长和根部发育。总之，孤立的根际细菌不仅可以作为生物控制剂开发，而且可以最大程度地减少黑胡椒疾病管理中有害化学物质的利用，