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Two expressions of the transition from mafic cumulates to granitoids in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Examples from the western and eastern limbs
Lithos ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105671
Ole Skursch , Christian Tegner , Charles E. Lesher , R. Grant Cawthorn

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. In the Bushveld Complex of South Africa, numerous granitic and granophyric rocks termed the Lebowa Granite and Rashoop Granophyre Suites, respectively, overlie the layered ultramafic-mafic rocks of the Rustenburg Layered Suite. Despite their close spatial and temporal association, the granites and granophyres are often interpreted as being unrelated to the Rustenburg Layered Suite. This paper describes the transition from the uppermost Rustenburg Layered Suite into overlying granite and granophyre at three locations in the western (the Bierkraal drill core) and eastern (Diepkloof farm and Stoffberg town) limbs of the Bushveld Complex. In the western limb, a ~60 m thick transition zone bridges the petrological gap between the overlying Nebo Granite (Lebowa Granite Suite) and Upper Zone (Rustenburg Layered Suite). Across the transition zone, the composition of olivine changes from Fo6 to Fo1, clinopyroxene from Mg#25 to Mg#2 and plagioclase from An45 to An16. At Stoffberg in the eastern limb, the Upper Zone dioritic cumulates grade into the overlying monzonitic Roof Zone. Across the Roof Zone, plagioclase compositions change from An42 to An4, clinopyroxene from Mg#30 to Mg#11 and olivine from Fo9 to Fo5. Based on geochemistry and petrography, we correlate the lowermost stratigraphy at the farm Diepkloof with the Stoffberg Roof Zone. At Diepkloof, the Roof Zone grades into the overlying Stavoren Granophyre (Rashoop Granophyre Suite). All units are indistinguishable in terms of bulk rock Nd (eNd = −6.4 to −5.4) and Hf (eHf = −9.2 to −6.6) isotopes (corrected to 2055 Ma). Similarly, the Upper Main Zone, Upper Zone and transition zone are indistinguishable in terms of bulk rock Sr isotopes ((87Sr/86Sr)2055 Ma = 0.7071 to 0.7076, except one transition zone outlier at 0.7058). We submit that the transition zone represents the fossil record of bulk and/or diffusional mixing between coexisting Upper Zone and Nebo Granite magmas. We test this hypothesis by combining field, petrographic and geochemical observations with forward modelling using the Rhyolite-MELTS algorithm. Our work on the Bierkraal core (western limb) shows that at least a portion of the granitic magma was emplaced before the residual liquid of the Upper Zone had solidified. At Stoffberg and Diepkloof in the eastern limb (where the granite is absent), the Roof Zone underwent uninterrupted fractional crystallization.

中文翻译:

南非布什维尔德复合体从镁铁质积聚体向花岗岩类过渡的两种表现形式:以西翼和东翼为例

© 2020 Elsevier BV 在南非的 Bushveld 综合体中,许多分别被称为 Lebowa Granite 和 Rashoop Granophyre Suites 的花岗岩和花岗岩覆盖在 Rustenburg 层状套房的层状超镁铁质-镁铁质岩石上。尽管它们在空间和时间上有着密切的联系,但花岗岩和花岗石通常被解释为与 Rustenburg 分层套房无关。本文描述了在 Bushveld Complex 西部(Bierkraal 钻芯)和东部(Diepkloof 农场和 Stoffberg 镇)三个位置从最上层的 Rustenburg Layered Suite 到上覆花岗岩和花岗石的过渡。在西翼,约 60 m 厚的过渡带连接了上覆的 Nebo 花岗岩(Lebowa Granite Suite)和上带(Rustenburg Layered Suite)之间的岩石学间隙。穿过过渡带,橄榄石的组成从 Fo6 变为 Fo1,单斜辉石从 Mg#25 变为 Mg#2,斜长石从 An45 变为 An16。在东翼的 Stoffberg,上带闪长岩堆积品位进入上覆的二长岩顶带。在屋顶区,斜长石成分从 An42 变为 An4,单斜辉石从 Mg#30 变为 Mg#11,橄榄石从 Fo9 变为 Fo5。根据地球化学和岩石学,我们将 Diepkloof 农场的最低地层与 Stoffberg Roof Zone 相关联。在 Diepkloof,屋顶区域分级为上覆的 Stavoren Granophyre(Rashoop Granophyre Suite)。所有单位都无法区分大块岩石 Nd(eNd = -6.4 至 -5.4)和 Hf(eHf = -9.2 至 -6.6)同位素(更正为 2055 Ma)。同样,上主区,上部带和过渡带在大块岩石 Sr 同位素方面无法区分 ((87Sr/86Sr)2055 Ma = 0.7071 至 0.7076,除了一个过渡带异常值 0.7058)。我们认为过渡带代表了共存的上带和尼波花岗岩岩浆之间的大量和/或扩散混合的化石记录。我们通过使用流纹岩-熔体算法将现场、岩相和地球化学观测与正向建模相结合来检验这一假设。我们对 Bierkraal 岩心(西翼)的研究表明,在上带的残余液体凝固之前,至少有一部分花岗岩岩浆就被侵占了。在东翼的 Stoffberg 和 Diepkloof(没有花岗岩),屋顶区经历了不间断的分步结晶。除了 0.7058 处的一个过渡区异常值)。我们认为过渡带代表了共存的上带和尼波花岗岩岩浆之间的大量和/或扩散混合的化石记录。我们通过使用流纹岩-熔体算法将现场、岩相和地球化学观测与正向建模相结合来检验这一假设。我们对 Bierkraal 岩心(西翼)的研究表明,在上带的残余液体凝固之前,至少有一部分花岗岩岩浆就被侵占了。在东翼的 Stoffberg 和 Diepkloof(没有花岗岩),屋顶区经历了不间断的分步结晶。除了 0.7058 处的一个过渡区异常值)。我们认为过渡带代表了共存的上带和尼波花岗岩岩浆之间的大量和/或扩散混合的化石记录。我们通过使用流纹岩-熔体算法将现场、岩相和地球化学观测与正向建模相结合来检验这一假设。我们对 Bierkraal 岩心(西翼)的研究表明,在上带的残余液体凝固之前,至少有一部分花岗岩岩浆就被侵占了。在东翼的 Stoffberg 和 Diepkloof(没有花岗岩),屋顶区经历了不间断的分步结晶。我们通过使用流纹岩-熔体算法将现场、岩相和地球化学观测与正向建模相结合来检验这一假设。我们对 Bierkraal 岩心(西翼)的研究表明,在上带的残余液体凝固之前,至少有一部分花岗岩岩浆就被侵占了。在东翼的 Stoffberg 和 Diepkloof(没有花岗岩),屋顶区经历了不间断的分步结晶。我们通过使用流纹岩-熔体算法将现场、岩相和地球化学观测与正向建模相结合来检验这一假设。我们对 Bierkraal 岩心(西翼)的研究表明,在上带的残余液体凝固之前,至少有一部分花岗岩岩浆就被侵占了。在东翼的 Stoffberg 和 Diepkloof(没有花岗岩),屋顶区经历了不间断的分步结晶。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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