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Rain-On-Snow (ROS) events and their relations to snowpack and ice layer changes on small glaciers in Svalbard, the High Arctic
Journal of Hydrology ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125279
Ireneusz Sobota , Piotr Weckwerth , Tomasz Grajewski

Abstract The research consisted in a detailed analysis of Rain-On-Snow (ROS) events in the winter season (November–April) in the area of Waldemarbreen and Irenebreen – two glaciers subject to long-term monitoring on Kaffioyra, NW Spitsbergen. The intensity and frequency of ROS events were evaluated along with their long-term variability in the years 1976–2018. An attempt was made to identify the relationship between ROS events and the properties of the snow cover of Waldemarbreen and Irenebreen – mainly changes in the number and thickness of ice layers and snow density, which have a major influence on the winter snowpack and on the time the snow begins to melt. These are some of the first studies of this type concerning not only glacier forefields but also changes occurring on glaciers. It was found that as the temperature of air has been rising in recent years, the melting of snow has been beginning earlier on glaciers and in their forefields. Also, the frequency and size of ROS events has increased. In recent years the number of days with heavy ROS events – mainly over 15 mm, but also under 15 mm – have been on the increase. The ROS events affect the number of ice layers, whereas heavy ROS events contribute to the formation of ice layers of greater thickness. The increase in ROS events is accompanied by a decrease in snow density on glaciers. As with the number of ROS events within a given year, there is also a clear increase in the number of ice layers and their thickness on the snow cover, in particular on small glaciers in the High Arctic.

中文翻译:

雪上雨 (ROS) 事件及其与高北极斯瓦尔巴小冰川上积雪和冰层变化的关系

摘要 该研究包括对 Waldemarbreen 和 Irenebreen 地区冬季(11 月至 4 月)的雨雪 (ROS) 事件进行详细分析,这两个冰川在斯匹次卑尔根西北部的卡菲奥拉受到长期监测。评估了 ROS 事件的强度和频率以及它们在 1976-2018 年间的长期变异性。试图确定 ROS 事件与 Waldemarbreen 和 Irenebreen 积雪特性之间的关系——主要是冰层数量和厚度以及积雪密度的变化,这对冬季积雪和时间有重大影响雪开始融化。这些是此类研究中的一些,不仅涉及冰川前场,还涉及冰川上发生的变化。研究发现,随着近年来空气温度的升高,冰川及其前场的积雪融化开始得更早。此外,ROS 事件的频率和规模也有所增加。近年来,发生重度 ROS 事件的天数——主要是超过 15 毫米,但也有低于 15 毫米——一直在增加。ROS 事件影响冰层的数量,而重 ROS 事件有助于形成更厚的冰层。ROS 事件的增加伴随着冰川上积雪密度的降低。与给定年份内 ROS 事件的数量一样,雪盖上的冰层数量及其厚度也明显增加,特别是在高北极的小冰川上。冰川及其前场的积雪融化较早开始。此外,ROS 事件的频率和规模也有所增加。近年来,发生重度 ROS 事件的天数——主要是超过 15 毫米,但也有低于 15 毫米——一直在增加。ROS 事件影响冰层的数量,而重 ROS 事件有助于形成更厚的冰层。ROS 事件的增加伴随着冰川上积雪密度的降低。与给定年份内 ROS 事件的数量一样,雪盖上的冰层数量及其厚度也明显增加,特别是在高北极的小冰川上。冰川及其前场的积雪融化较早开始。此外,ROS 事件的频率和规模也有所增加。近年来,发生重度 ROS 事件的天数——主要是超过 15 毫米,但也有低于 15 毫米——一直在增加。ROS 事件影响冰层的数量,而重 ROS 事件有助于形成更厚的冰层。ROS 事件的增加伴随着冰川上积雪密度的降低。与给定年份内 ROS 事件的数量一样,雪盖上的冰层数量及其厚度也明显增加,特别是在高北极的小冰川上。但也低于 15 毫米 – 一直在增加。ROS 事件影响冰层的数量,而重 ROS 事件有助于形成更厚的冰层。ROS 事件的增加伴随着冰川上积雪密度的降低。与给定年份内 ROS 事件的数量一样,雪盖上的冰层数量及其厚度也明显增加,特别是在高北极的小冰川上。但也低于 15 毫米 – 一直在增加。ROS 事件影响冰层的数量,而重 ROS 事件有助于形成更厚的冰层。ROS 事件的增加伴随着冰川上积雪密度的降低。与给定年份内 ROS 事件的数量一样,雪盖上的冰层数量及其厚度也明显增加,特别是在高北极的小冰川上。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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