The Microcystin-Leucine-Arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic and widely distributed microcystin, which originates from cyanobacteria produced by water eutrophication. The MC-LR has deleterious effects on the aquatic lives and agriculture, and this highly toxic chemical could severely endanger human health when the polluted food was intaken. Therefore, the monitoring of MC-LR is of vital importance in the fields including environment, food, and public health. Utilizing the complementary base pairing between DNA molecules, DNA nanotechnology can realize the programmable and predictable regulation of DNA molecules. In analytical applications, DNA nanotechnology can be used to detect targets via target-induced conformation change and the nano-assemblies of nucleic acids. Compared with the conventional analytical technologies, DNA nanotechnology has the advantages of sensitive, versatile, and high potential in real-time and on-site applications. According to the molecular basis for recognizing MC-LR, the strategies of applying DNA nanotechnology in the MC-LR monitoring are divided into two categories in this review: DNA as a recognition element and DNA-assisted signal processing. This paper introduces state-of-the-art analytical methods for the detection of MC-LR based on DNA nanotechnology and provides critical perspectives on the challenges and development in this field.

微囊藻毒素-亮氨酸-精氨酸（MC-LR）是毒性最强、分布最广的微囊藻毒素，来源于水体富营养化产生的蓝藻。MC-LR 对水生生物和农业产生有害影响，这种剧毒化学物质在摄入受污染的食物后会严重危害人类健康。因此，MC-LR的监测在环境、食品、公共卫生等领域具有重要意义。利用DNA分子之间的互补碱基配对，DNA纳米技术可以实现对DNA分子的可编程、可预测调控。在分析应用中，DNA 纳米技术可用于通过靶标诱导的构象变化和核酸的纳米组装来检测靶标。与传统的分析技术相比，DNA纳米技术在实时和现场应用中具有灵敏、通用和高潜力的优点。根据识别MC-LR的分子基础，本综述将DNA纳米技术应用于MC-LR监测的策略分为两类：DNA作为识别元件和DNA辅助信号处理。本文介绍了基于 DNA 纳米技术检测 MC-LR 的最新分析方法，并就该领域的挑战和发展提供了批判性观点。DNA作为识别元件和DNA辅助信号处理。本文介绍了基于 DNA 纳米技术检测 MC-LR 的最新分析方法，并就该领域的挑战和发展提供了批判性观点。DNA作为识别元件和DNA辅助信号处理。本文介绍了基于 DNA 纳米技术检测 MC-LR 的最新分析方法，并就该领域的挑战和发展提供了批判性观点。