Forest owners and managers deal with an increasing demand for forest ecosystem services (ES). In addition, a recent change can be observed from a governmental top-down approach to bottom-up initiatives, including efforts of the local population to have a say in forest management decisions. Matching supply and demand is seen as a basic condition for the sustainable utilization of forest ES. Against this background, we address the following research questions: (i) How can the preferences on the supply and demand side of forest ES be consistently determined? (ii) In how far do these preferences vary due to regional and societal differences? (iii) How can the supply and demand of forest ES be matched by forest management alternatives?

We conducted a survey in Switzerland with foresters and the wider population to compare attitudes and preferences of the supply and demand side of forest ES. The core of the study is a choice experiment (CE) to elicit the population's willingness to pay (WTP) for specific forest management alternatives, and the respective willingness to accept (WTA) on the foresters' side. To address spatial and societal heterogeneity, we compare different geographic forest zones and settlement areas.

森林所有者和管理者应对森林生态系统服务（ES）的需求不断增长。此外，从政府的自上而下的方法到自下而上的计划，可以观察到最近的变化，包括当地居民在森林管理决策中拥有发言权的努力。供需相匹配被视为森林生态系统可持续利用的基本条件。在这种背景下，我们解决以下研究问题：（i）如何一致地确定森林ES的供需双方的偏好？（ii）由于地区和社会差异，这些偏好在多大程度上有所不同？（iii）森林ES的供需如何与森林管理备选方案相匹配？

我们在瑞士进行了一项针对林务员和更广泛的人口的调查，以比较森林生态系统供求方面的态度和偏好。该研究的核心是一项选择实验（CE），旨在激发人们对特定森林管理替代方案的支付意愿（WTP），以及在林业者方面的相应接受意愿（WTA）。为了解决空间和社会异质性，我们比较了不同的地理森林区和定居区。