Abstract HydroThermal Carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process by which biomass is treated in aqueous environment under temperatures of 180–300 °C and self-generated pressure to produce solid fuel as hydrochar from wide range of organic wastes such as garbage, bio solids, agro residues and organic wastes from industrial operations. It is an economically efficient process as it eliminates the need for pre-drying and generates energy rich carbonaceous products. This paper reviews the hydrochar formation mechanisms of hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, polymerization and aromatization in terms of the critical hydrothermal parameters such as temperature, residence time, solid load, pressure, pH and aqueous conditions to derive fundamental understanding in the improvements required in HTC process design for waste to energy conversion. The identification of design protocols of HTC for solid fuel production is expected to expedite further research and field level scale up of this technology.

中文翻译：

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有机废物水热碳化成含碳固体燃料——机理和工艺参数综述

摘要 水热碳化 (HydroThermal Carbonization, HTC) 是一种热化学过程，通过该过程，生物质在 180-300 °C 的温度和自生压力下在水环境中处理，以从各种有机废物，如垃圾、生物固体、来自工业操作的农业残留物和有机废物。这是一种经济高效的工艺，因为它不需要预干燥并产生富含能量的碳质产品。本文从温度、停留时间、固载量、压力、pH 值和含水条件，以从根本上了解 HTC 工艺设计中所需的废物转化为能源。HTC 用于固体燃料生产的设计协议的确定有望加速该技术的进一步研究和现场规模扩大。