Payments for environmental services or payments for ecosystem services (PES) are issued by governmental or private organizations to support the conservation of ecosystems that provide environmental services at different scales. However, PES are often issued across large scales or distinct contexts, placing limitations that threaten PES efficiency. To address these limitations, differentiated payments for environmental services (DPES) have been proposed, based on specific conditions of particular cases or regions, being more efficient in achieving conservation goals and generating greater social and environmental benefits. The aim of the present review was to discuss studies of PES schemes around the world in articles published from 2000 to 2016 to highlight the essential elements that should be considered in DPES schemes. The tendencies of DPES regarding sector, aspects and scale were explored. Notably, the social and economic aspects of DPES schemes were most commonly addressed in the reviewed articles. The importance of social participation was often highlighted. The main findings highlight the relevance of considering the social, economic, and environmental aspects of DPES and the contextual heterogeneity of socio-ecological systems from a multidisciplinary and transversal approach and to encourage social participation in order to successfully design, implement and achieve DPES schemes efficiency.

政府或私人组织发行环境服务付款或生态系统服务付款（PES），以支持保护提供不同规模环境服务的生态系统。但是，PES通常是在大规模或不同环境下发布的，因此存在局限性，威胁着PES的效率。为了解决这些局限性，已经提出了根据特定案例或地区的具体情况对环境服务进行区别对待的付款方式，以更有效地实现保护目标并产生更大的社会和环境效益。本综述的目的是在2000年至2016年发表的文章中讨论全球PES计划的研究，以突出DPES计划应考虑的基本要素。探索了DPES在部门，方面和规模方面的趋势。值得注意的是，DPES计划的社会和经济方面在所审查的文章中最为常见。人们经常强调社会参与的重要性。主要发现强调了从多学科和横向的角度考虑DPES的社会，经济和环境方面以及社会生态系统的环境异质性的相关性，并鼓励社会参与以成功设计，实施和实现DPES方案的效率。