Abstract In this work, the problem of online energy management of hybrid electric vehicles is addressed. A least costly objective function accounting for battery energy consumption and aging, and for the auxiliary power unit fuel consumption and noise emissions is considered. In this scenario, all the cost terms are expressed as monetary variables. This allows to assess the economic effectiveness of the proposed hybrid powertrain solution. Therefore, the online energy management policy is computed relying on the economic model predictive control framework. Some dissipativity properties for steady-state and periodic operation of the system under investigation are proved. Therefore, some results for close to optimum convergence of the economic model predictive control are provided. An electric bus case-study is illustrated in detail to show the performance of the proposed online management strategy.

中文翻译：

---

用于混合动力电动汽车在线最低成本能源管理的经济 MPC

摘要 在这项工作中，解决了混合动力汽车的在线能源管理问题。考虑了电池能量消耗和老化以及辅助动力装置燃料消耗和噪声排放的成本最低的目标函数。在这种情况下，所有成本项都表示为货币变量。这允许评估所提议的混合动力系统解决方案的经济有效性。因此，在线能源管理策略的计算依赖于经济模型预测控制框架。证明了所研究系统稳态和周期运行的一些耗散特性。因此，提供了经济模型预测控制接近最优收敛的一些结果。