The fjords of west Spitsbergen Svalbard, Arctic Norway, are undergoing a transformation as the impact of nutrient rich warmer Atlantic water is significantly altering the primary production and subsequently the carbon pool. Members of the phylum Planctomycetes are ubiquitous in marine systems and are important in the mineralization of organic matter. Hence, the phylogenetic diversity and distribution pattern of Planctomycetes in the surface sediments of a high Arctic fjord, the Kongsfjorden were studied. Further, considering the release of ammonium as a part of mineralization, the diversity of bacterial community involved in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was also evaluated. The highly diverse Planctomycetes community, which consisted mainly of uncultivated and uncharacterized Planctomycetes, was observed in the study area with a total of 162 OTUs. The major genera observed were Blastopirellula (13.3%), Gimesia (13%), Rhodopirellula (10%), Planctomicrobium (2%) and Thermogutta (1.6%). Functional prediction revealed the dominance of carbohydrate metabolism genes and the presence of gene clusters for production of secondary metabolites and xenobiotic degradation. Anammox bacterial sequences were detected from all the samples with a total of 52 OTUs. Most of the OTUs belonged to the genus Candidatus Scalindua and three distinct clusters were observed in the phylogenetic tree, (a) Ca. Scalindua brodae (49%), (b) Ca. Scalindua wagneri (31%) and (c) Ca. Scalindua marina (12%) based on their phylogenic distance. Our findings suggest the existence of highly diverse Planctomycetes and anammox bacterial community with regional variants in the sediments of Kongsfjorden.

中文翻译：

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与高北极峡湾厌氧氨氧化细菌群落相关的沉积物相关浮游菌及其相关门的多样性

挪威北极地区斯匹次卑尔根群岛西部的峡湾正在经历转型，因为富含营养的温暖大西洋海水的影响正在显着改变初级生产，进而改变碳库。Planctomycetes 门的成员在海洋系统中无处不在，并且在有机物质的矿化中很重要。因此，研究了北极高峡湾Kongsfjorden表层沉积物中浮游菌的系统发育多样性和分布模式。此外，考虑到铵的释放作为矿化的一部分，还评估了参与厌氧铵氧化（厌氧氨氧化）的细菌群落的多样性。高度多样化的浮游菌群落，主要由未栽培和未表征的浮游菌群组成，在研究区共观察到 162 个 OTU。观察到的主要属为 Blastopirellula (13.3%)、Gimesia (13%)、Rhodopirellula (10%)、Planctomicrobium (2%) 和 Thermogutta (1.6%)。功能预测揭示了碳水化合物代谢基因的主导地位以及用于产生次级代谢产物和异生物质降解的基因簇的存在。从所有样品中检测到厌氧氨氧化细菌序列，共有 52 个 OTU。大多数 OTU 属于 Candidatus Scalindua 属，在系统发育树中观察到三个不同的簇，（a）Ca。Scalindua brodae (49%), (b) Ca。Scalindua wagneri (31%) 和 (c) Ca。Scalindua marina (12%) 基于它们的系统发育距离。