Purpose

In this study, the statistical method was used to determine the significant difference in various metal's (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni) concentrations in human fingernails from different sites.

Methods

The metals concentrations in human fingernails, used as a biomarker, were measured to estimate their exposure. Samples from fingernails were collected from different subjects concerning sex, age, occupationally exposed to heavy metals such as subjects from industrial, roadside, commercial, and residential sites of Agra district. Sample collection and preparations were carried out using standard procedures and were analyzed for Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Ni by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS, PerkinElmer ANALYST 100).

Results

One-way ANOVA tests were done to find out the significant difference of mean values of heavy metals among different sites as well as pairwise comparison of dissimilar metals among different sites. The significant difference (p < 0.05) in concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Ni of different sites was found with decreasing concentration pattern for industrial > roadside > commercial > residential sites. Further, metal concentrations in human fingernails of workers/residents of the Agra district have also been compared with other worldwide studies.

Conclusion

Metallic discharges from various industries in Agra district contribute the largest portion of metals which is hazardous for health as well environment. The presence of these metals in different samples is an indication of the presence of these metals in the environment. Accordingly, there is an instantaneous need for public awareness about the hazards of an occupation.

中文翻译：

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印度阿格拉因职业接触导致人指甲中的重金属污染

目的

在这项研究中，使用统计方法来确定来自不同部位的人类指甲中各种金属（铅，镉，锌，镍）浓度的显着差异。

方法

测量用作生物标记的人指甲中的金属浓度，以估计其暴露程度。从性别，年龄，职业暴露于重金属的不同受试者收集指甲样品，例如来自阿格拉地区的工业，路边，商业和住宅场所的受试者。使用标准程序进行样品收集和制备，并通过原子吸收分光光度计（AAS，PerkinElmer ANALYST 100）分析锌，镉，铅，铁和镍。

结果

进行了单向方差分析，以找出不同地点之间重金属平均值的显着差异，以及不同地点之间异种金属的成对比较。随着工业>路边>商业>居民区浓度模式的降低，发现不同地点Cd，Zn和Ni的浓度存在显着差异（p  <0.05）。此外，还将阿格拉地区工人/居民的人指甲中的金属浓度与其他全球研究进行了比较。

结论

来自阿格拉地区各个行业的金属排放物对金属造成最大的危害，对健康和环境均有害。这些金属在不同样品中的存在表明环境中这些金属的存在。因此，迫切需要公众意识到职业的危害。