The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review encompassing the syndromes associated with the lower cranial nerves (LCNs). We will discuss the anatomy of some of these syndromes and the historical contributors after whom they were named. The LCNs can be affected individually or in combination, since the cranial nerves at this level share their courses through the jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal and the extracranial spaces. Numerous alterations affecting them have been described in the literature, but much remains to be discovered on this topic. This paper will highlight some of the subtle differences among these syndromes. Symptoms and signs that have localization value for LCN lesions include impaired speech, deglutition, sensory functions, alterations in taste, autonomic dysfunction, neuralgic pain, dysphagia, head or neck pain, cardiac or gastrointestinal compromise, and weakness of the tongue, trapezius, or sternocleidomastoid muscles. To assess the manifestations of LCN lesions correctly, precise knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the area is required. Treatments currently used for these conditions will also be addressed here. Effective treatments are available in several such cases, but a precondition for complete recovery is a correct and swift diagnosis.

本文的目的是提供全面的综述，涵盖与下颅神经（​​LCNs）相关的综合征。我们将讨论其中一些综合症的解剖结构，以及它们被命名后的历史贡献者。LCNs可以单独或组合使用，因为此水平的颅神经通过颈孔，舌下管和颅外间隙共享其进程。文献中已经描述了影响它们的许多变化，但是在这个话题上还有很多发现。本文将重点介绍这些综合症之间的一些细微差异。对LCN病变具有定位价值的症状和体征包括语言障碍，粘连，感觉功能，味觉改变，植物神经功能障碍，神经痛，吞咽困难，头部或颈部疼痛，心脏或胃肠道不适以及舌头，斜方肌或胸锁乳突肌无力。为了正确评估LCN病变的表现，需要对该区域的解剖学和生理学有确切的了解。当前用于这些疾病的治疗方法也将在这里讨论。在几种这样的情况下都可以使用有效的治疗方法，但是要完全康复，先决条件是正确而迅速的诊断。