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A review of CRISPR associated genome engineering: application, advances and future prospects of genome targeting tool for crop improvement
Biotechnology Letters ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02950-w
Shadma Afzal 1 , Preeti Sirohi 1 , Nand K Singh 1
Affiliation  

The Cas9 nuclease initiates double-stranded breaks at the target position in DNA, which are repaired by the intracellular restoration pathways to eliminate or insert pieces of DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is proficient and cost-effective since cutting is guided by a piece of RNA instead of protein. Emphasis on this technology, in contrast with two recognized genome editing platforms (i.e., ZFNs and TALENs), is provided. This review evaluates the benefits of chemically synthesized gRNAs as well as the integration of chemical amendments to improve gene editing efficiencies. CRISPR is an indispensable means in biological investigations and is now as well transforming varied fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Recent advancement in targetable epigenomic-editing tools allows researchers to dispense direct functional and transcriptional significance to locus-explicit chromatin adjustments encompassing gene regulation and editing. An account of diverse sgRNA design tools is provided, principally on their target competence prediction model, off-target recognition algorithm, and generation of instructive annotations. The modern systems that have been utilized to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo and in vitro for crop improvement viz. nutritional enhancement, production of drought-tolerant and disease-resistant plants, are also highlighted. The conclusion is focused on upcoming directions, biosafety concerns, and expansive prospects of CRISPR technologies.

中文翻译:

CRISPR相关基因组工程综述:基因组靶向工具在作物改良中的应用、进展及未来前景

Cas9 核酸酶在 DNA 的目标位置启动双链断裂,通过细胞内修复途径修复,以消除或插入 DNA 片段。CRISPR-Cas9 是熟练且具有成本效益的,因为切割是由一段 RNA 而不是蛋白质引导的。与两个公认的基因组编辑平台(即 ZFNs 和 TALENs)相比,提供了对这项技术的强调。本综述评估了化学合成 gRNA 的益处以及化学修正的整合以提高基因编辑效率。CRISPR 是生物研究中不可或缺的手段,现在也正在改变生物技术和农业的各个领域。可靶向表观基因组编辑工具的最新进展使研究人员能够将直接的功能和转录意义分配给包括基因调控和编辑在内的基因座显式染色质调整。提供了各种 sgRNA 设计工具的说明,主要是它们的目标能力预测模型、脱靶识别算法和指导性注释的生成。已用于在体内和体外递送 CRISPR-Cas9 以改善作物的现代系统,即。营养增强、耐旱和抗病植物的生产也受到重视。结论侧重于 CRISPR 技术的未来方向、生物安全问题和广阔的前景。提供了各种 sgRNA 设计工具的说明,主要是它们的目标能力预测模型、脱靶识别算法和指导性注释的生成。已用于在体内和体外递送 CRISPR-Cas9 以改善作物的现代系统,即。营养增强、耐旱和抗病植物的生产也受到重视。结论侧重于 CRISPR 技术的未来方向、生物安全问题和广阔的前景。提供了各种 sgRNA 设计工具的说明,主要是它们的目标能力预测模型、脱靶识别算法和指导性注释的生成。已用于在体内和体外递送 CRISPR-Cas9 以改善作物的现代系统,即。营养增强、耐旱和抗病植物的生产也受到重视。结论侧重于 CRISPR 技术的未来方向、生物安全问题和广阔的前景。耐旱和抗病植物的生产也受到重视。结论侧重于 CRISPR 技术的未来方向、生物安全问题和广阔的前景。耐旱和抗病植物的生产也受到重视。结论侧重于 CRISPR 技术的未来方向、生物安全问题和广阔的前景。
更新日期:2020-07-08
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