Key message Fertilization is a feasible management technique for Pinus pinea L. cropping, with increased cone production up to 9 years after the application and superior trunk diameter growth every year. Fertilization effects on cone size-weight indicate the value of re-fertilizing. Context Stone pine ( Pinus pinea ) is a species of economic interest for its highly in demand pine nuts. Despite the high value of pine nuts, cones are harvested mostly from non-managed forests. Consequently, advances in cropping techniques, such as fertilization, are needed. Aims To monitor the effect of fertilization on growth and cone production during 10 years after fertilization, adjusted to soil characteristics, on a 16-year-old stone pine orchard. Methods A fertilization trial including fertilized and non-fertilized plots was established. Diameter (trunk and crown) and height were repeatedly measured in each tree for 10 years. Cones were annually harvested from each tree and counted. Results Stone pine cone production increased significantly from the third to the ninth year of treatment, with a peak increase of 3.3 times. Conclusion Fertilization was a useful silvicultural practice to increase stone pine cone production. Periodical fertilization is recommended.

中文翻译：

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施肥对石松生长和锥体产量的长期影响

关键信息 施肥是松树种植的一种可行管理技术，施用后长达 9 年的锥体产量增加，并且树干直径每年增长。施肥对锥体大小重量的影响表明重新施肥的价值。背景 石松（Pinus pinea）因其需求量很大的松子而具有经济价值。尽管松子的价值很高，但锥果大多来自非管理森林。因此，需要在种植技术方面取得进步，例如施肥。目的 监测施肥后 10 年期间施肥对生长和锥体产量的影响，根据土壤特征，在一个 16 年历史的石松果园进行调整。方法建立施肥和不施肥地块施肥试验。每棵树的直径（树干和树冠）和高度被重复测量了 10 年。每年从每棵树上收获锥体并进行计数。结果石松果产量在处理第3年至第9年显着增加，峰值增加3.3倍。结论施肥是提高石松果产量的有效造林措施。建议定期施肥。