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Improving Small Satellite Communications and Tracking in Deep Space—A Review of the Existing Systems and Technologies With Recommendations for Improvement. Part II: Small Satellite Navigation, Proximity Links, and Communications Link Science
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1109/maes.2020.2975260
Faramaz Davarian , Sami Asmar , Matt Angert , John Baker , Jay Gao , Richard Hodges , David Israel , Damon Landau , Norman Lay , Leigh Torgerson , William Walsh

This article is the second of a three-part series in which we present the results of a study exploring concepts for improving communications and tracking capabilities of deep space SmallSats. In Part I, we discussed SmallSat direct-to-earth links and SmallSat communications equipment, and provided recommendations for future work. In Part II, we focus on SmallSat navigation options, Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), proximity links, and the use of the communication link for science observations, and we provide recommendations for future work. We have examined both radio and optical navigation options, and considered autonomous and semiautonomous navigation to reduce operational costs for planetary SmallSats. We note that communication link resilience to delay and disruption enhances spacecraft autonomy; therefore, we have provided a discussion of DTN to indicate that using DTN allows for automated data transmission and recovery, therefore, reducing manual operations. SmallSats in deep space may utilize a relay spacecraft for communications with earth or function as a relay for landed and in-orbit assets. We present a detailed examination of relay proximity links and networks where we address both proximity hardware and networking scenarios. The proximity link features that we examine include the network architecture and its relationship to DTN, proximity radios and antennas, communications link performance, and proximity navigation. The use of the communication link for science has been practiced by primary missions in deep space scenarios. (Two examples of past planetary radio science experiments can be found in the following: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/spacecraft/cassini-orbiter/radio-science-subsystem/ and https://www.boulder.swri.edu/pkb/ssr/ssr-rex.pdf) Likewise, SmallSats can offer their radio links for radio science investigations. This article provides a brief introduction to radio science and presents the prerequisite features necessary for radio science observations by SmallSats. We conclude with nine recommendations based on the findings of the study. These recommendations are guidelines on the design, implementation, and operation of deep space SmallSat communication links. The adoption of some or all of the guidelines should result in an enhanced communication and tracking capability for the deep space SmallSat missions.

中文翻译:

改进深空小卫星通信和跟踪——对现有系统和技术的回顾以及改进建议。第二部分:小卫星导航、近距离链路和通信链路科学

本文是由三部分组成的系列文章中的第二部分,我们在其中介绍了一项研究的结果,该研究探索了改进深空 SmallSats 通信和跟踪能力的概念。在第一部分中,我们讨论了 SmallSat 直接对地链路和 SmallSat 通信设备,并为未来的工作提供了建议。在第二部分中,我们重点介绍 SmallSat 导航选项、抗干扰网络 (DTN)、邻近链接以及科学观测通信链接的使用,并为未来的工作提供建议。我们研究了无线电和光学导航选项,并考虑了自主和半自主导航以降低行星小卫星的运营成本。我们注意到通信链路对延迟和中断的弹性增强了航天器的自主性;所以,我们提供了 DTN 的讨论,表明使用 DTN 可以实现自动数据传输和恢复,从而减少手动操作。深空中的小型卫星可以利用中继航天器与地球进行通信,或作为着陆和在轨资产的中继。我们详细介绍了中继邻近链路和网络,其中我们解决了邻近硬件和网络场景。我们检查的邻近链路功能包括网络架构及其与 DTN、邻近无线电和天线、通信链路性能和邻近导航的关系。在深空场景中的主要任务已经实践了将通信链路用于科学。(过去的行星无线电科学实验的两个例子可以在下面找到:https://solarsystem.nasa。gov/missions/cassini/mission/spacecraft/cassini-orbiter/radio-science-subsystem/ 和 https://www.boulder.swri.edu/pkb/ssr/ssr-rex.pdf) 同样,SmallSats 可以提供他们的无线电无线电科学调查的链接。本文简要介绍了无线电科学,并介绍了 SmallSats 进行无线电科学观测所需的先决条件。我们根据研究结果提出九项建议。这些建议是有关深空 SmallSat 通信链路设计、实施和操作的指南。部分或全部指南的采用应该会增强深空小卫星任务的通信和跟踪能力。pdf) 同样,SmallSats 可以为无线电科学调查提供他们的无线电链接。本文简要介绍了无线电科学,并介绍了 SmallSats 进行无线电科学观测所需的先决条件。我们根据研究结果提出九项建议。这些建议是有关深空 SmallSat 通信链路设计、实施和操作的指南。部分或全部指南的采用应该会增强深空小卫星任务的通信和跟踪能力。pdf) 同样,SmallSats 可以为无线电科学调查提供他们的无线电链接。本文简要介绍了无线电科学,并介绍了 SmallSats 进行无线电科学观测所需的先决条件。我们根据研究结果提出九项建议。这些建议是有关深空 SmallSat 通信链路设计、实施和操作的指南。部分或全部指南的采用应该会增强深空小卫星任务的通信和跟踪能力。我们根据研究结果提出九项建议。这些建议是有关深空 SmallSat 通信链路设计、实施和操作的指南。部分或全部指南的采用应该会增强深空小卫星任务的通信和跟踪能力。我们根据研究结果提出九项建议。这些建议是有关深空 SmallSat 通信链路设计、实施和操作的指南。部分或全部指南的采用应该会增强深空小卫星任务的通信和跟踪能力。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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