Pedestrian fatal crashes in the U.S. have increased over the years. From 2007 to 2016, pedestrian fatalities increased 27% nationally, while all other traffic fatalities decreased 14%. On average, a pedestrian was killed every 1.5 h in traffic crashes in 2016. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been working with public agencies toward developing more data-driven approaches to identify and mitigate pedestrian safety issues. However, pedestrian exposure to risk is not readily available. The absence of pedestrian exposure data makes it challenging to identify and prioritize high-crash risk locations. Using Dallas, Texas, as a case study, researchers wanted to use exposure in relation to volumes—both vehicular and pedestrian volume—to determine pedestrian risk. Although the vehicular volume is extensively available, the pedestrian volume is seldom available. The objective of this study is to explore options for collecting or estimating pedestrian volume data, particularly at intersections with high pedestrian activity. Researchers successfully developed a direct-demand model that estimates pedestrian volumes at signalized and stop-controlled intersections. The final model showed that pedestrian volume: increases 4 times within downtown; increases 12% per school within 1 mi of intersection; increases 4.8 times per 1% increase in commercial/multi-family residential land uses within 300 ft of intersection; increases 4.7 times with presence of higher education, hospitals, or malls; and decreases 36% per 5 mph increase in the intersections’ maximum posted speed limit. This research can help advance pedestrian safety analyses by providing a method of estimating pedestrian volumes for intersections by control type, particularly when volumes are infeasible to measure.

多年来，在美国发生的行人致命撞车事故有所增加。从2007年到2016年，全国行人死亡人数增加了27％，而所有其他交通事故死亡人数减少了14％。平均而言，2016年，每1.5小时交通事故中就有一名行人丧生。联邦公路管理局（FHWA）一直在与公共机构合作，以开发更多的数据驱动方法来识别和缓解行人安全问题。但是，行人面临的风险尚不容易获得。由于没有行人暴露数据，因此难以确定高风险位置并确定其优先级。研究人员以德克萨斯州达拉斯市为例，希望利用与车辆和行人通行量相关的暴露量来确定行人风险。尽管车辆体积广泛，行人很少。这项研究的目的是探索收集或估算行人流量数据的选项，尤其是在行人活动频繁的路口。研究人员成功开发了直接需求模型，该模型可以估算信号灯和停车控制路口的行人流量。最终模型显示行人流量：市区内增加4倍；在交叉路口1英里内每所学校增加12％；在交叉路口300英尺内，商业/多户住宅用地的增长每1％增长4.8倍；高等教育，医院或购物中心的存在增加4.7倍；并在交叉路口的最大张贴速度限制中每增加5 mph降低36％。