In view of difficult problems such as excavation, segment simulation, deformation, and force measurement in the small-scale model testing of deep composite stratum TBM tunnel, the TBM simulation experimental device, the model segment ring prefabrication device, and the digital photogrammetry technology were comprehensively adopted. Also, the calculation methods were proposed. The analysis of the deformation characteristics as well as rupture of surrounding rock revealed those space-time effects: (1) When no support existed, the space-time effect of the surrounding rock deformation was concentrated in the following case: with the development of time, the deformation of surrounding rock starts from the sides of the arch waist at the junction of the composite stratum, while four arcs were derived and shear sliding occurred, resulting in overall collapse and destruction. (2) Following the support application, the space-time effect of the surrounding rock deformation was concentrated on the three stages of the interaction between the surrounding rock and the support, namely, the preliminary stage, the equilibrium process, and the instability state. The spatial effect was concentrated in the area where the surrounding rock was deformed and destroyed. The most severe area was the shallow surrounding rock, while the sub-violent area was the corner of the sidewall.

中文翻译：

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深层复合地层中带或不带支撑的TBM隧道围岩变形的时空效应分析

针对深层复合地层TBM隧道小规模模型试验中的开挖，分段模拟，变形和测力等难题，TBM模拟实验装置，模型分段环预制装置和数字摄影测量技术被广泛采用。被广泛采用。此外，提出了计算方法。通过对围岩变形特征和破裂的分析，发现了这些时空效应：（1）在不存在支撑的情况下，围岩变形的时空效应主要集中在以下情况： ，围岩的变形从复合地层交界处的拱腰侧开始，同时产生了四个弧线并发生了剪切滑动，导致整体崩溃和破坏。（2）支护应用后，围岩变形的时空效应主要集中在围岩与支护相互作用的三个阶段，即初始阶段，平衡过程和失稳状态。空间效应集中在围岩变形和破坏的区域。最严重的区域是浅层围岩，次暴力区域是侧壁的拐角。空间效应集中在围岩变形和破坏的区域。最严重的区域是浅层围岩，次暴力区域是侧壁的拐角。空间效应集中在围岩变形和破坏的区域。最严重的区域是浅层围岩，次暴力区域是侧壁的拐角。