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The evolution of flowering phenology: an example from the wind-pollinated African Restionaceae
Annals of Botany ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 , DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa129
H Peter Linder 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flowering phenology is arguably the most striking angiosperm phenophase. Although the response of species to climate change and the environmental correlates of the communities have received much attention, the interspecific evolution of flowering phenology has hardly been investigated. I explored this in the wind-pollinated dioecious Restionaceae (restios) of the hyperdiverse Cape flora, to disentangle the effects of phylogeny, traits, and biotic and abiotic environments on flowering time shifts. METHODS I recorded the flowering times of 347 of the 351 species, mapped these over a 98 % complete phylogeny and inferred the evolutionary pattern and abiotic correlates of flowering time shifts. The patterns and biotic/abiotic correlates of restio community mean flowering time were explored using 934 plots. KEY RESULTS Restios flower throughout the year, with large spring and smaller autumn peaks. Species flowering time is evolutionarily labile, poorly explained by either the environment or traits of the species, with half of all sister species allochronic. Community mean flowering time is related to elevation, temperature and rainfall. CONCLUSIONS Flowering time shifts may result from assortative mating and allochronic speciation, possibly leading to non-adaptive radiation. However, community mean flowering time may be environmentally selected. Diversification of flowering time may be non-adaptive, but species could be filtered through survival in suitable communities.

中文翻译:

开花物候的演变:以风媒非洲石棉科为例

背景和目的 开花物候可以说是最引人注目的被子植物物候期。尽管物种对气候变化的响应和群落的环境相关性受到了广泛关注,但开花物候的种间进化却鲜有研究。我在高度多样化的开普省植物群的风媒传粉雌雄异株 Restionaceae (restios) 中探索了这一点,以解开系统发育、性状以及生物和非生物环境对开花时间变化的影响。方法我记录了 351 种物种中 347 种的开花时间,绘制了超过 98% 的完整系统发育图,并推断了开花时间变化的进化模式和非生物相关性。使用 934 个地块探索了restio群落平均开花时间的模式和生物/非生物相关性。主要结果 Restios 全年开花,春季高峰期较大,秋季高峰期较小。物种开花时间在进化上不稳定,无法通过物种的环境或特征来解释,所有姐妹物种中有一半是异时性的。群落平均开花时间与海拔、温度和降雨量有关。结论 开花时间偏移可能是由分类交配和异时物种形成造成的,可能导致非适应性辐射。然而,社区平均开花时间可能是环境选择的。开花时间的多样化可能是非适应性的,但物种可以通过在合适的群落中生存来过滤。有一半的姐妹物种是异时性的。群落平均开花时间与海拔、温度和降雨量有关。结论 开花时间的变化可能是由分类交配和异时物种形成造成的,可能导致非适应性辐射。然而,社区平均开花时间可能是环境选择的。开花时间的多样化可能是非适应性的,但物种可以通过在合适的群落中生存来过滤。有一半的姐妹物种是异时性的。群落平均开花时间与海拔、温度和降雨量有关。结论 开花时间的变化可能是由分类交配和异时物种形成造成的,可能导致非适应性辐射。然而,社区平均开花时间可能是环境选择的。开花时间的多样化可能是非适应性的,但物种可以通过在合适的群落中生存来过滤。
更新日期:2020-07-07
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