In this paper, the result of a systematic study and molecular mechanisms governing the dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO₃, and Na₂SO₄ with environmentally relevant concentrations (∼mmol/l) are presented, for frequencies from 200 MHz up to 20 GHz and at temperature 25.00 ± 0.01 °C. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye relaxation model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. Conductivity was measured independently to reduce uncertainty in obtaining other parameters by spectral fitting. Careful experimentation provided dielectric data of sufficiently low uncertainty to enable observation of polarization mechanisms that emerge only in the low-concentration regime. The data were fitted by a concentration-dependent parametric model that includes terms accounting for internal depolarizing fields and the solvent dilution effect (mixture relation), the kinetic depolarization effect, the dielectric saturation effect, and the Debye–Falkenhagen effect that accounts for the contribution of ionic atmosphere polarization. It has been shown that, in NaCl and NaNO₃ solutions at sufficiently low concentrations, the static permittivity increases due to the Debye–Falkenhagen effect. It has also been shown that, to calculate the number of irrotationally bound water molecules Z_IB, the measured static permittivity values should be corrected to account for the contributions of kinetic depolarization and Debye–Falkenhagen effects. Otherwise, unrealistic values of Z_IB are obtained. An explanation for the different strengths of the Debye–Falkenhagen effect observed for the different electrolyte solutions, essentially due to the electrophoretic effect and coordination number, is also presented.

中文翻译：

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NaCl，NaNO3和Na2SO4与环境相关的低浓度水溶液的静电电容率。

本文是系统研究结果和控制NaCl，NaNO ₃和Na ₂ SO ₄水溶液介电谱的分子机理的结果给出了与环境有关的浓度（〜mmol / l），适用于200 MHz至20 GHz的频率以及25.00±0.01°C的温度。使用非线性，加权，最小二乘分析，将测得的光谱与Debye弛豫模型拟合。独立测量电导率以减少通过光谱拟合获得其他参数的不确定性。仔细的实验​​提供了足够低的不确定性的介电数据，从而能够观察到仅在低浓度范围内出现的极化机制。数据由浓度相关的参数模型拟合，该模型包括解释内部去极化场和溶剂稀释效应（混合关系），动力学去极化效应，介电饱和效应，以及德拜-法肯哈根效应（Debye-Falkenhagen effect）解释了离子大气极化的作用。已经证明，在NaCl和NaNO中在浓度足够低的_3种溶液中，由于德拜-法肯哈根效应，静电电容率增加。还显示出，要计算非旋转结合的水分子Z _IB的数量，应校正测得的静态介电常数值以考虑动力学去极化和Debye-Falkenhagen效应的影响。否则，将获得不切实际的Z _IB值。还介绍了对于不同电解质溶液观察到的德拜-法肯哈根效应的不同强度的解释，这主要归因于电泳效应和配位数。