We set out to identify the origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on genome sequencing of DNA derived from the skeletal remains of Hungarian King Béla III (1172–1196) and eight additional individuals (six males, two females) originally interred at the Royal Basilica of Székesfehérvár. Y-chromosome analysis established that two individuals, Béla III and HU52 assign to haplogroups R-Z2125 whose distribution centres near South Central Asia with subsidiary expansions in the regions of modern Iran, the Volga Ural region and the Caucasus. Out of a cohort of 4340 individuals from these geographic areas, we acquired whole-genome data from 208 individuals derived for the R-Z2123 haplogroup. From these data we have established that the closest living kin of the Árpád Dynasty are R-SUR51 derived modern day Bashkirs predominantly from the Burzyansky and Abzelilovsky districts of Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation. Our analysis also reveals the existence of SNPs defining a novel Árpád Dynasty specific haplogroup R-ARP. Framed within the context of a high resolution R-Z2123 phylogeny, the ancestry of the first Hungarian royal dynasty traces to the region centering near Northern Afghanistan about 4500 years ago and identifies the Bashkirs as their closest kin, with a separation date between the two populations at the beginning of the first millennium CE.

我们着手根据匈牙利国王贝拉三世（1172-1196 年）和最初埋葬在皇家大教堂的另外八个人（六名男性，两名女性）的骨骼遗骸中的 DNA 进行基因组测序，确定阿尔帕德王朝的起源。塞克希白堡。 Y 染色体分析确定，Béla III 和 HU52 这两个个体属于单倍群 R-Z2125，其分布中心位于中南亚附近，并在现代伊朗、伏尔加乌拉尔地区和高加索地区进行了附属扩张。在来自这些地理区域的 4340 名个体中，我们获得了来自 R-Z2123 单倍群的 208 名个体的全基因组数据。根据这些数据，我们确定，阿尔帕德王朝现存的最近亲属是 R-SUR51 派生的现代巴什基尔人，主要来自俄罗斯联邦巴什科尔托斯坦的布尔津斯基和阿布泽利洛夫斯基地区。我们的分析还揭示了定义新的阿帕德王朝特定单倍群 R-ARP 的 SNP 的存在。在高分辨率 R-Z2123 系统发育的背景下，第一个匈牙利皇室王朝的祖先可以追溯到大约 4500 年前以阿富汗北部附近为中心的地区，并将巴什基尔人视为他们最近的亲属，并确定了两个人口之间的分离日期在公元第一个千年之初。